What is Psychology The scientific Study of human behaviors and mental processes What do Psychologist do There are three major categories Experimental psychology research how they test medicine Teaching psychology Applied psychology What is not psychology It is not mind reading Is not self help Not always analyzing perspectives of psychology 1 Psychodynamic 7 Freud is the inventor he believed the a humans do everything for sex aggression if you re not having sex then you are aggressive unconscious things that impact your behavior that you are unaware of early child hood experience from the age of zero to five he believed is formed who you were behavior is acquired and modified by the consiqenses and punishments rewarded the 3rd force in psychology emphasizing potential uniqueness motivation free going to be for the rest of your life 2 Behavioral 3 Humanistic will and the importance of choice nervous system neurons and other brain structures 4 Neuroscience studies the physical basis if human and animal behaviors immune system 5 Cognitive HOW mental processes can influence behaviors language development problem solving intelligence memory and perception 6 Sociocultural how you act 7 Evolutionary psychological process like how something you great grandma did that shapes the way you are today studies how culture environment and the near presents of others can influence promoted by Charles Darwin applies the principle of evolution and explain Reasons for scientific investments People are not always honest Hindsight bias the tendency to be right after learning an outcome would have foreseen it like saying ooo I could have told you that or I knew that would happen Overconfidence We believe in opposites False Consensus effect the tendency to believe that other share are same beliefs and behaviors Research Critical thinking you examine and analyze the information Theory a set of principles that explains events 1 Ask questions 2 Develop a hypothesis a statement this is always predicted to test theory 3 Test your hypothesis 4 Retest hypothesis 5 Draw conclusion 6 Publish Research methods Descriptive you observe and describe methods NO MANIPULATIONS Experimental to show a change in one variable causes a change in the other MANIPULATIONS Descriptive Case study to study one or few individuals in depth Survey participants report their beliefs and behaviors Natural observation observe subjects in there natural environments Correlation to show two variables are related used for predictions Correlation coefficient a number the tells you how strongly the variables are related one is perfect Negative correlation variables move in opposite directions Positive correlation variables move in the same direction Illusory correlation think there in a relationship and they are not in one Experimental Variable anything that can be manipulated Independent the one purposely changed by the researcher Dependent the one that is measured and observed Sample population being tested Represented Sample participants have equal choice of being picked for the group Control group the group that did not receive the manipulation Experimental group the group that did receive the manipulation Placebo fake pill Placebo effect a change in behavior that was not from the manipulation Blind study participants do not know what group they are in Double blind study neither the researcher nor participants know what group the actual pills are in Neuroscience Prospective Aka biology psychology Neuron it send and receives info from one part of the body to another o Sensory neurons carry messages from sense receptors towards the central nervous system cns o Motor neurons carry from cns towards muscles and glands Interneurons carries messages between cells most abundant in body Dendrites picks up info Myelin sheath protects axon insulates axon speeds conduction time Axon sends info away from neuron Importance of environment Resting potential l neutron is at rest no receptors are going off 70mv Stimulus threshold the minimum level stimulation it takes to activate the neuron Action potential the exchange of ions 30mv All or none law the neurons ether all move or none move Refractory period where the neuron cannot fire again until it s back at resting potential it s all electrical communication between neurons sympatric vesicles hold neuron transmitters bubbles all chemical GABA slows things down increase In GABA decrease in brain activity The brain An adult brain ways 3 4lbs baby s 1lbs Phrenology F Gull the bump on your head revels your personality he would study peoples head stole people heads and brains Cerebral cortex then gray covering the cerebrum thinking and perceiving Corpus callosum communication like between the two hemisphere Hemispheres Thalamus the relay station of your brain info comes it to you brain an thalamus tells it where to go Pons the regulation of sleep Cerebellum balance posture voluntary movement Medulla regulate basic body functions The limbic system emotions Amygdule memory and emotions especially fear and aggression Hypothalamus monitors blood aids in maintence activities Hippocampus establishes long term memories Occipital lobe vision Frontal lobe language motor cortex and executive functions Parental lobe sensory cortex math Temporal lobe hearing and recollections of faces Motor cortex voluntary movement Sensory cortex regulates body sensations Left hemisphere Language Reasoning Analytical looks at pieces Right hemisphere Emotions Creativity Holistic Brain damage Visual space abilities literal interpretations Aphasias a language disorder caused from brain damage Brocos Aphasia non fluent speech broken speech Wernicke s Aphasia fluent speech but non sense Heimispherectomy removing an entire hemisphere of the brain Handedness dominate hand Brain plasticity the brains ability to reorganize its self Development psychology Chromosomes structure that contains sequence of genes Genes units the carry info instructions DNA complex molecules that contain genetic info Dominate genes the gene that will be expressed Sex linked characteristics males show more recessive traits Recessive genes only expressed if paired with another recessive gene Prenatal development Germinal period first two weeks creation od zygote rapid cell division implantation attaches to uterine wall Embryonic period 2 8 weeks rate of cell division intensifies the support system for cells and organs appear Fetal period two months till after birth
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