Eukaryotes set apart from prokaryotes by DNA Packaging RNA Splicing Complexity of genome Coordinated expression via transcription factors rather than operons Proto oncogenes help initiate cell cycle stages Oncogenes are rogue elements that promote cancer development mutants of proto oncogenes Tumor Suppressor proteins halt or slow cell cycle P53 produced in response to DNA damage Halts cell cycle via activation of other genes ie P21 Pauses cell cycle to allow for repair o If DNA damage cannot be repaired can trigger apoptosis Revisiting Dominant and Recessive Traits These specific examples are NOT for you to memorize Goal o Connect gene expression to observed phenotype Pea Color Yellow Green due to allele I If PAO is expressed chlorophyll is degraded in mature pea Green peas result from mutation to PAO gene They don t make the enzyme Silencing of mRNA might be the cause Heterozygous Peas only half as much enzyme is made still enough to degrade all of the Gibberellin hormone in plants stimulates stem lengthening among other things chlorophyll Short vs Tall Plants Gibberellin Synthesis Normal Enzyme Gi Ala 229 Mutant Enzyme Non Functional Round or Wrinkled Peas and lots more sucrose This attracts water When they mature they dry out and wrinkle Round peas of SBE1 Wrinkled peas do not make SBE1 no amylopectin produced Peas have far less amylose
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