Forensics Lecture 09 04 2013 History of Forensics in USA Salome A D 1 o Head of John Baptist identified by teeth o Agripping AD66 o Colored tooth Forensic public place legal place Id of mast disasters Genocides Criminal homicide Historical king tut jesse james not really related to forensics USA 1800s 1849 Harvard medical college o dr George parkman lent out money and went missing o Accused john Webster chem professor who had argument with parkman o Janitor Littleton found body parts o Anatomists oliver Wendell holmesI and Jeffries wyman identified white male 5 11 o Dentist cooley keep forensic odontology Looked at dentures and found out it was parkman o Webster was guilty and hung Luetgert Murder Chicago 1897 o Sausage maker factory fell through ceated on wife with rich widow o Night watchman sent to get arsenic o Lousie real wife went missing o Bone fragments were found in factory particularly a sesamoid in foot o Gold ring was found with LL engraved found o George Dorsey 1869 1931 First expert witness an anthropologist worked with remains in archaeology Found out it was louise s bones o Leutegert was found guilty and died years later Thomas Dwight 1843 1911 o Father of American forensic anthropology In order to become a father you must lecture and publish esays o Harvard med school lectures and articles o 1878 essay on skeletal id stature sex age looked up sternum joints which were normally the last ones looked up Era of Anatomical Collection Unclaimed bodies Osteobiography bone history Anatomical laws OH 3000 primates industrialization ear o pre antibiotic time tb syphilis surgeries all of the above are found in Cleveland natural history museum Dr Carl Hamann T wingate Todd worked together to collect info on disease and stature Terry collection WA university st Louis Dr terry initiates and Mildred trotter takes over in 1941 unclaimed o Laws changed in 1955 willed body law can now donate demographic change young females middle class can now bodies donate Trotter resides o Moved the collection to the Smithsonian 1728 individuals 800 death masks death certificates Ales Hodlicka 1869 1943 collected hair Foundation for the tv show bones First curator antropology Smithsonian 1903 1936 FBI moved next to Smithsonian became fbi consultant 37 cases worked on none published consolidation period wilton marion krogman o upenn consolidates what is known as first major publication 1939 with fbi o first us anthropology text on human bone and forensics Central id lab in Hawaii CILHI 1940s 1951 id service men trained anthropologists WWII Mildred trotter 1899 1991 director of cilhi institute lg known collection o stature formula for partial individual unclaimed bodies cilhi joined joint task force full accounting created to recover jpac 2003 Vietnam mia vets T dale stewart Smithsonian o Aided 1924 to hrdlicka o Curator 1942 o Director 1962 Continued work with fbi 167 cases Korean war ids 1951 53 Essentials of forensic anthropologist 1979 o Applied physical anthropology Looked at pubic symphsis to determine age J Lawrence angel 1915 86 Replaces stewart as fbi 646 cases excavation of Greece ancient people behavior and activity paleopathology training program 1970 taught courses modern 1972 ellis kerley and angel anthro section 1972 American board of fa 1977 certified forensic anthropologists Abfa mission o Study and development standards o Ethics professionals o Credentials of diplomats Exams board certified fa s o Public relations Gov t inforcedof id o Directory of diplomat current degree Publications 1970s Anthropology research faculity ARF o University of TN 1981 Bill bass the body farm o Forensic taphonomy o Post moretem interval pmi o 1000 bodies forensic data bank FDB univ of tn 1986 ongoing new standards are better nutrition is international info birth med history occupation stature weight aging scores measurements are all needed for donation swganth 2008 forensic team scientific working group for FA develeop standards and best practice for FA fbi and dept of defense central id lab medical examiner or coroner and forensic pathologist criminalist scene investigate odontologist toxicologist ballistics entromologists botanists blood splatter anthropologists Allegheny county Dr karl Williams medical examiner Forensic anthropology Location and recovery Medicolegal significance Profile and osteobiography to narrow down who the body belongs to also includes missing people and trauma patterns Positive id Experts testimony is how things are determined Protocol for anthro id Bone human contemporary how many people ancestry biological sex age at death stature anomalies and positive id 09 04 2013 Forensic Anthropologist and Bones Jobs o Specifically developing osteobiography profile and trauma o Patterns o Pmi o Positive ID Osteology Study of bones Osteo bone Logos study o Development o Structure o Function o Degeneration Our osteological goals Recognize and identify bones Basic features of bones Vocab of bones communication with coroner Osteobiography profile techniques o Age sex stature Function of the skeleton Support Movement Storage Protection Anatomical position is how all bones are referenced Planes of the body Transverse top bottom o Superior o Inferior o Proximal further away from trunk o Distal nearer to trunk Coronal skull frontal rest of the body front back o Anterior o Posterior Ie nose is anterior Ie spinal column is more posterior Sagittal 2 equal halves left right o Medial closer to midline Ie spinal column is most medial o Lateral away from midline Ie arm is lateral to trunk of body Skeletal integrity Classification of bones Skeleton is articulated if it is joined Skeleton is disorganized disarticulated if the bones are mixed up Commingled would be a group of different bones all tossed together 206 location shape o long o cranial postcranial everything but head o axial skeleton o appendicular skeleton appendges shaft 2 ends leverage 7 paired major bones mini long bones all bones of hands feet minus carpals tarsals Clavicle is included o Short Cube shaped Equal dimensions Compact strong Carpals tarsals patella o Flat Protection Little marrow Skull vault scapula innominate pelvic bones o Irregular Odd complex Vertebral column Bone origin osteogenesis how bone is formed o Intramembranous grow from embryonic cells skull Primary center of ossification is origin o Endochondral cartilage Cartilage template bone cells lay down cartilage and is castrated allowing ossification grows in length