CHAPTER 8 AN INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM Learning objectives Metabolism Energy and Life 1 Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cellular 2 Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy 3 Distinguish between an isolated and an open system Explain why an organism is considered an open system 4 Explain the first and second laws of thermodynamics in your metabolism own words 5 Explain why highly ordered living organisms do not violate the second law of thermodynamics 6 Write and define each component of the equation for free 7 Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions in terms of free energy change 8 Explain why metabolic disequilibrium is one of the defining energy change features of life 9 List the three main kinds of cellular work Explain in general terms how cells obtain the energy to do cellular work Describe the structure of ATP and identify the major class of macromolecules to which ATP belongs Explain how ATP performs cellular work Protein Enzymes Regulate Metabolic Pathways Describe the function of enzymes in biological systems Explain why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction Explain how enzyme structure determines enzyme specificity activation energy Explain the induced fit model of enzyme function Describe the mechanisms by which enzymes lower Explain how substrate concentration affects the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction Explain how temperature pH cofactors and enzyme inhibitors can affect enzyme activity The Control of Metabolism Describe how allosteric regulators may inhibit or stimulate the activity of an enzyme Explain how the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin illustrates cooperativity 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Learning Objectives for Campbell Reece Biology 8th Edition Pearson Education Inc 1 of 2 21 22 wasting chemical resources help order metabolism Explain how feedback inhibition prevents a cell from Describe how localization of enzymes within a cell may Learning Objectives for Campbell Reece Biology 8th Edition Pearson Education Inc 2 of 2