10 10 13 Humanities Professor Rich Plato 1 Modern Day Golden Dawn a Fascist political party criminial organization b Holds 5 of Greek congress seats c Views foreigners as subhuman d Denies Holocaust e Declares war on non Greek commercial interests i Represents everything Plato sought to acoid 2 Socrates a a character in the dialogue b ugly c waddled like a duck d eyes rolled set far apart e snub nose 3 Plato sexy 4 Rhetoric the art of persuasion a Persuasiveness depends on context audience and purpose 5 War Tyranny and Democracy repeat a Plato s lifetime included Peloponnesian War Athenian Plague Sicilian Expedition coup by The Four Hundred oligarchy Sparta defeats Athens imposes dictatorship by The Thirty Civil war Socrates put to death 6 Death of Socrates a Plato wrote Republic after Socrates death b Viewed Socrates death as gross abuse of power based on misunderstanding of Socrates role and Athenian contribution c Saw execution of height of intolerance and misguidedness d e Could only be cured by philosopher king Chief disease 7 Audience 8 Purpose a Athenians b Plato s goal was not only to introduce the audience to the inportance of philosopher king but also reform role of philosopher c Aware of the argument that philosophers were pointless a Republic was to create the model of a city state that would have good chance of stability b One grounded in democracy ofldsjff 9 Philosopher king a only philosopher have correct nature for democracy i Philosophers are able to grasp what is always the same in all respects while those who cannot wander among the many things that vary in every sort of way and aren t philosophers 10 Four Stages of Knowledge a Philosopher must reach highest state of knowledge what the nature of each thing is i 11 The DIVIDED LINE also highest state of the good or a medium to the good a Represent the visible and the invisible by an unequal division 12 The line is easily fooled and can mistake shadow or reflection as the object The second section the intelligible 13 The Epiphanic Moment a The highter form than visible first subsection is reasoning ability to generate an abstract such as right angle will ALWAYS be a right angle no matter its position a What good is b The final ascent is characterized as a kind of mystic communion i If one didn t have apprehension of the patterns or math that underlie material world one can t understand morals and philosophical abstractions 14 Allegory of the Cave illustration of allegory of the divided line a b Plato argues for the necessity of education for the philosopher king and subjects Youtube The Cave An Adaptation of Plato s Allegory in Clay Also The Matrix i ii 15 Prisonhouse of the Senses a Biggest enemy of journey to wisdom is our own senses and our perceptions which we must escape to see the truth i Prisoner can see shadows then images of men and other things in water then the things themselves then eventually finally the sun 1 Tangible abstract ii Travelling through these states of knowledge is what makes the philosopher an actual philosopher then an actual king 1 When the prisoner comes back to the cave if he had to identify shadows among them knowing what they really were they would assume he was wrong he would fail and if they were free and he tried to lead them upwards they would kill him a Alluding to trial and death of Socrates 16 Is Leadership a punishment a Yes a philosopher king doesn t want to rule They have to because it is their duty to their city 17 King concentrates on the physical world a Philosopher concentrates on metaphysical world i i Philosopher must straddle the line between and maintain awareness of both a Healthy mind necessarily for healthy city no republic w o enlightened leadership b Healthy mind possessed by one who has turned away from the dark toward the 18 Take Away light c