Three Primary Functions of the Blood Summary Chapter 7 Transportation Nutrients waste hormones Regulation Defense Temperature water volume pH Against infections and bleeding The Components of Blood Plasma 55 Water Electrolytes Hormones Gases Nutrients and wastes Formed elements 45 RBCs WBCs Platelets Red Blood Cells Proteins albumins globulins clotting proteins Functions transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Measurement hematocrit hemoglobin Origin stem cells in the bone marrow Life span 120 days in humans Control of production erythropoietin White Blood Cells Functions Protection from infection Regulation of the inflammatory reaction Two Types Granular neutrophils eosinophils and basophils Agranular lymphocytes and monocytes Granular Leukocytes Neutrophils 60 of circulatig WBCs First on the scene to fight infection by engulfing microorganisms Eosinophils 2 4 of circulating WBCs Defend against large parasites worms Moderate severity of allergic reactions Basophils 0 5 of circulating WBCs Histamine in granules role in inflammation Agranular Leukocytes Monocytes 5 of circulating WBCs Lymphocytes 30 of circulating WBCs Leave the blood and transform into macrophages Play a large role in the immune response Two Types B lymphocytes T lymphocytes Platelets Homeostasis Three Stages Small cell fragments derived form megakaryocytes Important role in hemostasis Vascular spasm constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow Platlet plug formation sealing of the ruptured blood vessel Coagulation formation of a blood clot Complicated series of reactions Fibrinogen Fibrin Bleeding disorder Hemophilia Blood Typing Concepts Antigen vs antibody ABO system Rh system and Rh factor in pregnancy Blood Disorders Red Blood Cells or inadequate hemoglobin A and B antigens surface markers on red blood cells Antibodies immune system protein directed against antigens Anemia reduction in oxygen carrying capacity due to inadequate number of red blood cells Iron deficiency anemia cause by inadequate intake or malabsorption of dietary iron Hemorrhagic anemia caused by blood loss Pernicious anemia caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency Hemolytic anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells Blood Disorders White Blood Cells Forms of cancer due to proliferation of white blood cells Leukemia Multiple myeloma Mononucleosis Contagious Epstein Barr virus infection of lymphocytes Blood Disorders Septicemia blood poisoning Thrombocytopenia Bacteria proliferating in blood overwhelming body s defenses Form of cancer involving the proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow Reduction in platelet number Unusual bruising and bleeding