Chapter 7 Management and Leadership Managers Roles Are Evolving The Four Functions of Management Emphasize team building guide train support motivate coach A skilled communicator team player planner organizer motivator leader Management the process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning organizing leading and controlling people and other organizational resources Planning a management function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives o Major objective please customers o Planning teams help monitor the environment find business opportunities and watch for challenges o Setting organizational goals developing strategies to reach these goals determining resources needed setting precise standards Organizing a management function that includes designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything works together to achieve the organization s goals and objectives o Many organization are being designed around pleasing the customer at a profit therefore must remain flexible and adaptable Leading creating a vision for the organization and guiding training coaching and motivating others to work effectively to achieve the organizations goals and objectives Controlling a management function that involves establishing clear standards to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives rewarding ppl for doing a good job and taking corrective action if they are not Planning and Decision Making Vision an encompassing explanation of why the organization exists and where its trying to head gives the organization a set of values and a sense of purpose that unit workers Mission statement an outline of the fundamental purposes of an organization o The organization s self concept its philosophy long term survival needs customer needs social responsibility nature of the product service Goals the broad long term accomplishments an organization wishes to Objectives specific short term statements detailing how to achieve the attain organization s goals What is the situation now o SWOT analysis a planning tool used to analyze an organization s strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats How can we get to our goal from here Decision making choosing among two or more alternatives o Strategic planning the process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals done by top managers o Tactical planning the process of developing detailed short term statements about what is to be done who is to do it and how it is to be done o Operational planning the process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company s tactical objectives o Contingency planning the process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don t achieve the organization s objectives o Rational decision making model a series of steps managers follow to make logical intelligent and well founded decisions Define the situation describe collect needed information develop alternatives develop agreement among those involved decide which alternative is best do what is indicated determine whether the decision was a good one and follow up o Problem solving the process of solving the everyday problems that occur less formal than decision making and usually calls for quicker action Brain storming coming up with as many solutions to a problem as possible in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas PMI listing all the pluses for a solution in 1 column all the minuses in another and the implications in a third Organizing Creating a Unified System After planning an organization must allocate resources assign tasks and establish procedures Organization chart a visual device that shows relationships among ppl and divides the organization s work it shows who reports to whom Top management highest level of management consisting of the president and other key company executives who develop strategic plans o CEO chief executive officer introduce change o COO chief operating officer put changes into effect o CFO chief financial officer obtains funds plans budgets o CIO CKO chief information officer chief knowledge officer gets the right info to other managers so they can make correct decisions Middle management the level of management that includes general managers division managers and branch and plant managers who are responsible for tactical planning and controlling Supervisory management managers who are directly responsible for supervising workers and evaluating their daily performance Managers must have 3 categories of skill o Technical skills skills that involve the ability to perform tasks in a specific discipline or department o Human relations skills skills that involve communication motivation they enable managers to work through and with ppl o Conceptual skills skills that involve the ability to picture the organization as a world and the relationship among its various parts Staffing a management function that includes hiring motivating and retaining the best ppl available to accomplish the company s objectives Leading Providing Continuous Vision and Values Communicate a vision and rally others around that vision Establish corporate values Promote corporate ethics Embrace change Stress accountability and responsibility o Transparency the presentation of a company s facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparent to all stakeholders Autocratic leadership leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others Participative democratic leadership leadership style that consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions Free rein leadership leadership style that involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives Directing telling workers what to do to meet the goals of the organization ex fast food restaurants b c workers are unskilled Empowerment means giving employees the authority to make a decision without consulting the manager Enabling giving workers the education and tools they need to make decisions Knowledge management finding the right info keeping the info in a readily accessible place and making the info known to everyone in the firm Controlling Making Sure
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