10 16 2013 Terms you should know for the mid term exam Fall 2013 Prof Varat Social Science 101 What does the term mean To what larger concept idea does the term relate If relevant which article does the term come from Readings Michael Patrick MacDonald All Souls Barbara Ehrenreich Nickel and Dimed everything from the Reader one chapter from Modernization of the Western World Ways of Knowing revelation religion bibles reveal knowledge from the divine tradition passed on from father to son following fathers footsteps authority rely on experts logic a is this b is this then c must be true ABC I know this irish person drinks and this irish people drinks so all irish drink common sense everyone knows it Science Epistemology Scientific Method Scientists assume there is in order in nature nature can be understood through sensory investigation observation and experiments Your values can t be involved cause and effect relationship with phenomenons use reason in a scientific matter can lead to progress and improvement epistemology the study of knowledge and how it can be validated these assumptions are not always demonstrated but remains the superior method because of its objectivity and self correction nature Subjective your own opinion of things things Verstehen Weber Deep understanding EMPATHY walk in the shoes of the people your studying See through their eyes NICKLED AND DIMED ORWELL Objective looking at the facts Wertfrei VALUE FREE Weber your observations are the only thing that matter There s no bias or own personal values Leave behind your values VALUE FREE Nickled and Dimed Social Coordinates these are characteristics that define who we are Society creates an individual They come from race gender social class religion and etc This theory was created by Peter Berger society creates us They can pinpoint your future lifestyle where you will work live etc once on the social map who you will be Social Map the social map determines where you will be in the future and Socialization the process by which individuals absorb culture and become fully functioning members of society Self identity the individuals perception of who they are and how they compare with the rest of society Personality developed by age 5 The emotional and Interactive qualities of our behaviors Sigmund Freud society creates us Five stages of development done by age 18 Phallic 3 6 years DONT NEED TO KNOW EACH STEP Oral Birth 1 year Anal 1 3years Latency 6 puberty Genital public death Freud Socialization Id the unconscious part of the mind never satisfied our desires Ego Controls and regulates the unrealistic desires of the id Making a persons behavior acceptable to society Superego conscience rational knowns norms of society Awareness part of you Superego constructs the ego and tells it to shut down the id Reflects the moral behavior standards of parents and society Everyone agrees that personality is at age 5 except ERIK ERIKSON Erik Erikson society creates us 8 stages of psycho social development 0 1 Trust vs Mistrust 1 3 Autonomy vs Shame 3 6 Initiative vs Guilt 6 12 Industry vs Inferiority 13 19 Identity vs Role Confusion 19 40 Intimacy vs Isolation 40 65 Generativity vs Stagnation 65 death Ego Integrity vs Despair DONT NEED TO KNOW EACH STEP Self esteem the individual s perception of their value or worth Looking Glass Theory I am what I think you think I think am No Self esteem Charles Horton Cooley I think professor Varat thinks I am smart so I think I am smart However this could be an incorrect interpretation Charles Horton Cooley created the looking glass theory George Herbert Mead I Self Mead desires basic needs irrational unsocialized emotional rebellious side I WANT doesn t know the norms of society Me Self Mead the rational part that learns Constantly developing through life span Has the ability to reflect and reason before taking action Limits or controls the impulsive I The way I act taking notes Me say the way I act at a frat party I say Knows how to act Particular Others same as primary groups Mead Our parents the ones were closest too They teach you how to act in society Generalized Others same as secondary groups Mead other groups the larger groups They also influence you Sports teams Church groups etc Role Theory Mead when a person reaches the point where they act their role unconsciously Symbolic Interactionism Mead a sociological theory that claims humans how to act in a given social situation based on the interpretation of symbols often language learned during the socialization process Definition of the Situation William Thomas the collective agreement within a society about what symbols mean and how they should be acted upon Example If you re on a date with someone but they don t think it s a date and you think it is date then your not actually on a date Sociology of Knowledge Learning what to believe Every society we are in tells us what ideas are acceptable and which are not Are ideas are bestowed upon us by society Primary Group your family the people you re closest too Primary Socialization The process in which the culture a society is transmitted to children The acquisition of moral and personal identity through family relationships gain our trust through infancy Secondary Group your friends teammates band members etc The groups you join Secondary Socialization The modification of an individuals behavior to conform with the demands of social life Reference Group the groups of individuals we compare ourselves to We are constantly comparing ourselves to others to make sure we act correctly We learn the rights and wrongs from these groups Norms rules and behaviors that are accepted by a given society Internalization becoming your role and it s the last part of the role theory Cognitive Dissonance the psychological discomfort of holding two contradictory ideas simultaneously Example I grew up in a place where evolution is accepted now I live in a place where it is not cognitive dissonance and psychological strain occur because you do not know what to believe Deviance Actions or behaviors that violate the social norms You are deviant if you do not adapt the beliefs of a new society Michael Patrick Macdonald Hans Christian Anderson The Emperor s New Clothes 1837 Nobody wants to look deviant and tell the emperor that he had no clothes on the little girl does because she has not yet been socialized she had not internalized the correct values and beliefs C Wright Mills keep in mind we discussed the