Chapter 10 Global EffectsChapter 10+ OverviewiClicker QuestionSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7iClicker Question:Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Geomatics refers to earth (geo) measuring (matics) technologies …the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering of geographic information. This broad term applies both to science and technology, and integrates the following more specific disciplines and technologies: geodesy, surveying, mapping, positioning, navigation, cartography, remote sensing, photogrammetry, geographic information systems, & global positioning systems source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeomaticsData and InformationGeomatics or More Commonly GIS Remote SensingGeomatics has application in:FIVE major functions Inherent to GeomaticsPrimary Disciplines of GeomaticsGeographic Information SystemWhy GIS?What is GIS?Slide 21Slide 22GeographicInformationSystemsSlide 26Slide 27GIS Data ExamplesSlide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36A GIS SchematicGIS is GenericSome GIS Applications AreasRemote SensingRemote Sensing PlatformsSlide 42Air PhotosSlide 44Slide 45Satellite Imagery (temporal analysis)The Nature of an “Image”…the electromagnetic spectrumElectromagnetic RadiationRemote Sensing TopicsA Remote Sensing SchematicChange DetectionWhere in the World am I?NAVSTAR GPSHow does GPS work?Three Segments make up the GPS systemSlide 58….and Integration with Mobile-Collection DevicesSlide 60Slide 61A GPS SchematicSlide 631Chapter 10Global EffectsLecture #24HNRS 228Energy and the EnvironmentAdapted from Fiorentino / Rutgers U.2Chapter 10+ Overview•Earth as a planet•The polar regions and sea ice effects•The stratospheric ozone situation•Another look at greenhouse gasses•Climate change•Global warming•Remote Sensing•Geographic Information Systems•Geomatics3iClicker QuestionWhich of the following layers of the atmosphere is highest above the surface of the Earth?A TroposphereB StratosphereC ThermosphereD MesosphereE Ozone Layer4iClicker QuestionWhat is the primary ingredient of the Earth's atmosphere?A NitrogenB OxygenC Nitrogen and oxygen in equal partsD HydrogenE Carbon dioxide5iClicker QuestionIn what part of the atmosphere does weather occur?A HydrosphereB StratosphereC IonosphereD TroposphereE All of the above6iClicker QuestionHow rapidly a planet loses its atmosphere depends on the planet's•I. mass•II.atmospheric composition•III. temperature•IV. rotation periodA I & IIB III & IVC I, II, & IIID II, III, & IVE I, II, III, & IV7iClicker QuestionThe presence of Earth’s magnetic field is a good indication thatA there is a large amount of magnetic material buried near the North Pole.B there is a quantity of liquid metal swirling around in the Earth's core.C the Earth is composed largely of iron.D the Earth is completely solid.E there are condensed gasses in the core of the Earth.8iClicker Question:The dinosaurs were most likely wiped out by:A: diseaseB: hunting to extinction by cavemenC: a giant meteor impactD: the close passage of another star9iClicker Question:A leading cause of Global Warming is:A: Increased soot (smog) in the atmosphere.B: Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.C: The Earth is getting closer to the sun.D: The luminosity of the sun is steadily increasing.10iClicker Question:The Greenhouse effect would not occur if:A: The Earth had no atmosphere.B: The amount of carbon dioxide doubled.C: We got rid of all the forests.D: The Earth didn’t have an ocean.11iClicker Question:Sunlight absorbed by the Earth’s surface is reemitted in the form of?A: radio wavesB: infrared radiationC: visible radiationD: ultraviolet radiationE: X-ray radiation12Geomatics refers to earth (geo) measuring (matics) technologies…the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering of geographic information. This broad term applies both to science and technology, and integrates the following more specific disciplines and technologies: geodesy, surveying, mapping, positioning, navigation, cartography, remote sensing, photogrammetry, geographic information systems, & global positioning systems source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeomaticsOrganize and solve problems involving spatial analysis – still typically just called GIS (geographic information systems)13Data and InformationTo some: Information is not DataData needs to be transformed into information (and vice versa)Information can be defined as an answer to a question using data –or–Information is what we know that must be organized into data for use in analysisWith GIS we transform information into dataImage Process Air Photo Satellite Images Photogrammetry Raster GIS Vector GIS 3D Modeling GPSVisualization Networking Databases InternetGeomatics or More Commonly GISRemote SensingGISGeomatics has application in:PolicyTransportationDemographyGlobal environmentWildlife managementBusinessRegional and Urban PlanningDefense and IntelligenceForestryArchaeologyNatural resource managementWater/soils/agricultureTelecommunicationsEmergency ResponseANY problem that has a spatial aspectANY scale from the local to the global “Applied Geography, in the form of maps & spatial information has served discovery, planning, cooperation & conflict for at least the past 3000 years” BolstadFIVE major functions Inherent to GeomaticsCollectManageManipulate Analyze Display17Primary Disciplines of GeomaticsGeographic Information Systems (GIS)Remote SensingAir photo Satellite imageryGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)More commonly called GPS for Global Positioning Satellite [System]18Geographic Information System“…“…a computer based system to aid in a computer based system to aid in the collection, maintenance, storage,the collection, maintenance, storage,analysis, output, and distribution of analysis, output, and distribution of spatial data and information…”spatial data and information…”19Why GIS?Expanded capabilities - do it with a geographic twistImproved efficiency - reduce duration of analysis 10-fold or more20What is GIS?Paper, pencil, and person can be a GIS21Why computerize manual methods?Synthesis of sourcesSynthesis of sourcesAnalytical powerAnalytical powerMeasure distance, density, Measure distance, density, areaareaOverlay and bufferOverlay and bufferAdjacency and proximityAdjacency and proximityVicinity