Video Notes pressure flaking projectile point pressure flaker preform How to Classify cid 127 material form biface a tool that has two flaked surfaces the meet to form a single edge attribute characteristic used to distinguish artifact types size method of manufacture Types cid 127 Morphological Types purely descriptive select prominent criteria Functional Types based on activities presumably used for in the past cooking food grinding fishing hunting manufacturing ritual etc cid 127 minimize variability within a type and maximize differences between types objective and explicit so that it can be reproduced by others chose to focus on differences in shapes sizes degree of shaping Defining a Typology select attributes that Morphological Types ground stone typology Functional Types Examples projectile points burin scraper cooking pot Space Time Systematics Types can be time markers associated with certain area used to define space time systematics Archaeological Cultures not the same as those that described ethnographically based on associations of arbitrarily defined artifact types assemblage a collection of artifacts that comes from a defined context component presumed to be culturally homogeneous layer at a site phase made up of similar components from several sites in a region Interpreting the Archaeological Record each site is formed by complex natural and cultural processes interpreting the archaeological evidence is not straightforward observing the contemporary world provides information for interpreting the past requires inferences about past behavior Interpreting the Past cannot directly observe the past base inferences on analogy analogy a comparison based on similarities analogies can be weak or strong Analogies formal analogy based on similarities in form between archaeological and ethnographic objects and features formal analogies are strengthened if cid 127 many ethnographic cases have similar pattern ethnographic and archaeological case share many attributes cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127