CAS 100A Exam 1 What are the 5 classic Cannons Invention arrangement language style memory delivery Invention generating and selecting content and strategies for speech Components of the communication model sender receiver message context Message The combination of signs and symbols Channel medium a form of energy that can transmit a message to a receivers senses ex the light to transmit visual images External noise environmental factors that interfere with the transmission of the message Internal noise Inattention or selective perceptions Decoding The audience receives the message and interprets it Feedback The receiver encodes their response to the senders original message Cognitive meanings Our conscious thoughts that influence is Emotional meanings unconscious thoughts Encoding finding symbols to represent cognitive meanings Signs emotional meanings expressed through such actions as trembling from anxiety These are not expressed voluntarily and are not encoded Rhetorical situation Where a problem creates a need for communication People s beliefs attitudes and behaviors can be influenced through messages in order to diminish resolve the problem Three components of a rhetorical situation exigence audience constraints exigence A problem that can be corrected through communication What are the 4 major communication constraints Contextual Time setting Audience psychological factors Topic complexity information available speaker speaking ability personal knowledge character What are the 4 main reasons for making speeches to inform to convince persuade to motivate to celebrate What strategies should be used in an informative speech explanations definitions examples descriptions What strategies should be used in a persuasive speech argument reason proof What is a thesis statement the central idea for the audience to understand Problem speech description X is a problem Policy recommended solution we should do Y to solve problem X Motivational recommended action YOU should do Z to help with problem X Purpose Statement Specifies the psychological response the speech is trying to produce Problem understanding I want my audience to understand that x is a problem and how it effects them Policy Belief or conviction I want my audience to agree Motivational readiness to act Demographics Ages gender group affiliations ethnicity etc Lay audience Listeners have no knowledge about the topic Three types of audiences Lay audience mixed audience expert audience Basic functions of a conclusion reinforce thesis summarize main ideas signal that the end is coming leave audience in the appropriate frame of mind Components of an effective intro thesis purpose statement attention getter credibility statement audience adaption statement preview of main points How to decide on organization style subject matter purpose audience Primacy vs regency What is the central idea residual message Will it be remembered better if it comes first or last What is the most common way of arranging the main points of a policy speech Problem solution Inductive speech arrangement A few facts at the beginning moving into a conclusion Deductive speech arrangement Start with a conclusion and then prove it with facts Techniques for arranging main points of a speech Chronological spatial cause effect need plan advantages motivated sequence topical categorical Ethos Audience perception of speakers credibility Establish by trustworthy sources connect with audience good preparation Logos Ideas and reasoning Human mind can perceive logical relationships among ideas and of reaching conclusions based on the relationships Pathos Emotional impact and the audience s initial mood and emotional state Elements of language clarity simplicity concreteness familiarity vividness Imagery Descriptions simile metaphor adjectives Rhythm how it can be created Parallel wording repetition alliteration antithesis juxtaposition of contrasting ideas onomatopoeia emotion laden words Style devices Personal pronouns active language rhythm imagery Types of memory impromptu memorized manuscript extemporaneous cas 100 Critical listening Listening to a message and being able to pass judgment and discern distinguish the reasonable and unreasonable Being able to critique a speech Critical thinking Ability to form your own judgments and defend and argue your decisions Includes the ability to distinguish fact from opinion Advocacy Speaking out in support opposition to a particular way of dealing with communal needs and goals Responsibility of a speaker to listeners Give the facts show how the facts connect logically to the conclusions respect for dif viewpoints civility respect of the listeners intelligence decisions beliefs Responsibility to ourselves as speakers be true to yourself believe in what you are advocating do not plagiarize Responsibility to ourselves as listeners listen critically to facts and reasoning duty of resoluteness listen to messages with an open mind duty of openness message strategies Definitions descriptions examples illustrations demonstrations Rule of division in an outline an idea must be sub divided into at least two sub points Working outline keyword outline Preparation outline full sentence outline with quotations still open for revision Speaking outline Briefer and more condensed than prep outline Can be keyword Formal outline Includes bibliography final draft Types of outline working preparation speaking formal Methods for creating transitions Vocal internal summaries internal previews signposting What are the 6 elements of style Clarity accuracy precision simplicity concreteness familiarity vividness Vocal components of speech volume pace tone articulation fluency Physical components of speech eye contact gestures posture appearance accuracy getting the facts straight prevision using the best words to represent or define an idea circular argument restates what is already given in different terms red herring the claim serves to distract the audience from an issue ignoring the question Ad Hominem an attack on a persons character rather than their argument Public advocacy activity of speaking or writing to civic audiences and arguing policies aimed at community issues civic engagement active engagement in community life and social issues