HD 382 001 Exam 1 Study Guide Early 19th Century Autocratic parenting was firmly in place Willful child sinful child Parents were encouraged to break the will of their children o Play was considered mischievous Children were regularly beaten Children were view as small adults Late 19th Century G S Hall question autocratic parenting John Watson discouraged responsive parenting Ancient Greece Child sacrifices infanticide and child slavery was common o Common in women infant and men Needed to have the perfect child if they weren t they weren t valued as a sacrifice Childhood ended and full adulthood began between ages 5 7 o After 7 years the child has the same rights as an adult Parents were educators because it benefited society not because it benefited the individual Women and children were property of men o Father leader Mother teacher Middle Ages Rural Primitive societies o Europe old England practiced the feudal system land owned by the king and divide the land into proportions and give it to certain royalties o Was pit in charge of the land the royal line allowed people to live take care of the land Every man knew their place according to who he owned service and whom he received it Many children died young of disease P aren t child relationship were not warm or close o Therefore parents did not have the emotional bonds that we do see today Formal education was limited to Roman Catholic clergy Children were mini adults by age 7 at which time they were apprenticed learn to trade Conditions were harsh more like child slavery worked for no pay Kids often were sent to boarding schools didn t attend local schools like we do today in out culture Renaissance Nobles Sent their children away to live with wet nurses Biological parents were unconcerned about the quality of care given by wet nurses Parents were indifferent toward children o WANTED first born males in order to produce future kings o o Women mostly married men from wealth otherwise they sink into poverty Some were to inherit the family s wealth to continue the legacy Towards the end of the Renaissance the appeared to be recognition of child hood o Children were given special clothing recreational activities and read special stories The 1600 1800 s Views of the Nature of Child The Willful Child Hobbes Hobbesian View o Hobbes believes a view of a home as a man s castle o Religious and cultural mandate that a child s will needs to be tamed o o Home miniature monarchy o Children remains obedient to master father children on same level servants Father ruled over children wife Believed in despotic rule in the home o The father was the ruler with the power Family was a mini monarchy in which children were equal to servants HD 382 001 Exam 1 Study Guide Unquestioned obedience to father master of house was expected 1 Early Developmentalism o Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that children had unique talents traits and that they would unfold on their own Parents job was to assist in praising those traits talents except them and provide an environment o He urged parents to consider the nature of the child and use gentler methods of guiding a child s behavior o BUT also agreed that despotic rule should be followed in the family o Child obedience valued encouraged to be obtained through humane methods of discipline Lead to forming kindergarten and nursery schools o 2 Environmentalism o British philosopher John Locke o A child was a tabula rasa or blank slate upon experience to determined your personality trait your character Meaning how ones environment is determined o Encourages children to be exposed to a more wide variety of experiences and up to parents to allow what the child has o Parents were viewed individuals who could heavily influence the child s character personality trait by their parenting behaviors ADVOCATING FOR NATURE ROUSSEAU ADVOCATING FOR NURTURE JOHN LOCKE Colonial Period Colonist families and Slave families Rigid Puritan religious orientation influenced by doctrine of John Calvin Sinful Child Puritans Parents believed that children were inherently bad and needed he hell beaten out of them o Common practice for children to be beaten because parents believed that would make them have a more moral child because they needed them to become independent Corporal punishment was used often and was extremely serve by today s standard CORPORAL PUNISHMENT RATHER THEN PARENTAL AFFECTION o Emphasis on early independence Children who were considered to be disobedient received correction took a form of brutal beating in US Europe Late 1800 s G Stanley Hall Received the 1st Ph D in psychology in the US 1st to influence American childrearing patterns Began the Child Study movement o Goal was to study the true nature of the child and better understand the child s needs He believed children were very different from adults and that responsive parenting spoiled children Believed that Americans were slowly awakening to a recognition that children are not like adults with all the faculties of maturity on a reduced scale but unique and very different creatures Early 20th century Autocratic parenting most prevalent in US Largely influenced by the idea of the Willful Child hobes and Sinful Child Puritans Drill Sergeant approach o Harsh and strict HD 382 001 Exam 1 Study Guide Unquestioned obedience w no input or opinion from the child Strong influence from Behaviorism John B Watson o Watson wanted parents to not be too affectionate o He proposed a scientific approach to parenting that was actually not supported by research Father of Behaviorism Childrearing o o o Belief that responsive parenting spoiled children therefore he Advised parents to not respond to a crying infant Advised parents to feed infants on strict schedule Used the media to gain wide spread acceptance of his ideas Ridiculed mother for wanting to show affection to there children Suggested that parents were overprotective of their children Use of media Ideas in set of articles that appeared in McCalls magazine that later came out into a book called The Psychological Care of the Infant Child 1930 1940 s Emphasis on Children s Natural Instincts Sigmund Freud Freudian theory emphasized the importance on a child s relationship with the parent Said parents should respect children s natural instincts Explains peoples actions and personality through unconscious motives Suggested that rearing of children should include an acceptance of their basic instincts Theory of Psychosexual