Groups and Organizations 2 19 14 Groups Connects us with others Mean for us to understand ourselves and find who we are Have a shared value system Have to have at least two people who interact with a sense of identity and belonging dyad Organizations Aggregate share place and time but not identity or interaction Category share similar characteristics but aren t tied together in any way o Example bearded guys Charles Cooley Primary groups family first and most important tend to be small intimate enduring expressive Secondary groups can be any size more formal instrumental relations not expressive In group who we belong to Out group others must compete against Reference group who we compare ourselves to Each reference group gives us different social identities Leadership Functions Instrumental leaders there to get the job done goal oriented Expressive leaders provide emotional support and strength Leadership Styles Democratic rule ourselves full participation Laissez fair government shouldn t interfere with business Group dissolution and lack of progress downside Authoritarian issues orders and assigns tasks people hate you sometimes downside it is good to have authoritarian in military and emergency setting Group conformity to comply with group norms or expectations Solomon Asch s experiment o participants watch dot individually and say if they think it moved o participants are put together and asked if the dot moved they developed a group norm and all agreed with each other o Participants were asked individually again to see if they kept group norm or returned to individual observation Stanley Milgram experiement question wrong Experimenter instructs participants to shock a person who answers a Even when participant heard loud fake screams they still sent the shocks if the person in the lab coat said to Formal Organizations Large impersonal secondary groups Most efficient way to organize large groups of people Bureaucracies Amitai Etzionie established three types o Normative voluntary individuals share interests o Coercive mandatory membership such as military during draft or prison o Utilitarian apart of for a reward such as school or work
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