Section 1 – The Moon1. How much of the total surface area of the Moon is illuminated by Sunlight during the Full Moon phase?a. one half.2. At approximately what time does the third quarter Moon rise?a. Midnight3. Approximately two weeks after a Solar Eclipse, what phase will the Moon be in?a. Full4. How often does Smekz experience a solar eclipse?a. Once every orbit of its moon (its month).5. What phase is Smekz's Moon experiencing today?a. New6. When will Smekz next experience a Lunar Eclipse?a. 15 of its days from now.7. Your Moon was Full on May 1, 2007. When will you expect it to next be in the First Quarter phase after this Full Moon?a. May 228. If we took you right now to Smekz's Moon, what phase would Smekz appear from the Moon? (Hint: You need to remember what phase Smekz's Moon is in today.)a. Full Smekz9. At what time will Smekz's Moon set tonight?a. SunsetSection 2 – Constellations1. During what time of year is Orion most prominent in the sky over Pennsylvania?a. Winter2. One version of Orion's story goes that Scorpius was the scorpion that killed Orion, and now they are never found in the sky at the same time.What month is best to observe Scorpius?a. July3. From Earth, in which constellation might you find the planet Saturn?a. Taurus4. The constellation Virgo is halfway between Gemini and Sagittarius in the Zodiac. When is the best time to see Virgo in the night sky?a. Spring5. Why don't we see the constellation Orion all year?a. As the Earth orbits the Sun, its nighttime side points to different constellations at different points along its orbit.6. What does the constellation Cygnus consist of?a. All of the stars and other objects that lie inside the agreed upon boundary lines.7. What is the significance of the stars in the Summer Triangle?a. They are three of the brightest stars in the summer sky.8. When is the best time for you to be able to see the constellation that isyour sign of the Zodiac?a. At midnight six months after your birthday.Section 3 – Light1. If you were going to design a camera to detect the animal that is getting into your garbage cans in the middle of the night, you would want it to:a. Detect infrared light2. Jupiter emits radio waves and also visible light (reflected Sunlight). At Earth, we observe:a. the optical light and the radio waves arrive at Earth simultaneously3. Star A is 4000 K, and Star B is 8000 K. Which of the following is true about these two stars?a. Star A will give off less total light than Star B4. Why can gamma-rays be used to treat cancer patients?a. They carry a lot of energy and can actually kill cancerous cells.5. Why do incandescent light bulbs feel so hot?a. They emit a lot of infrared light.6. What do you expect the spectrum of an object that is 1,000,000 Kelvin to be like?a. It should peak at X-ray wavelengths.7. Why do firemen use infrared cameras to look into smoke filled buildings?a. They can see through the smoke to look for people inside the room.8. I detect a star giving off more ultraviolet light than green light. What property of the star can I estimate with this information?a. Its temperatureSection 4 – Spectroscopy1. A star is a hot, dense gas surrounded by a cooler, low density atmosphere. What type of spectrum will a star create?a. absorption spectrum2. Why does a neon light appear red?a. It gives off an emission spectrum with mostly red spectral lines.3. Why does this gas cloud in the constellation Orion appear red?a. The cloud must be made of some element or elements that give off red emission lines.4. The electrons in a cloud of hydrogen gas are making the transition from excited states to the ground state. What does the spectrum of this cloud of gas look like?a. It will consist of a few bright emission lines at very specific wavelengths.5. The spectrum of an oxygen lamp looks different than the spectrum of asodium lamp because:a. each atom has a unique set of electron orbits6. One of the lines of Hydrogen has a wavelength of 486.1 nm. If a cloud of Hydrogen gas is moving towards us at 100 km/sec, what will we detect?a. An emission line in the cloud's spectrum with a wavelength shorter than 486.1 nm.7. I take the spectrum of a bright source of light in space and find it has absorption lines due to helium. What is the source of the helium lines in the spectrum?a. There is a cloud of gas containing helium between us and the light source.8. An electron in a sodium atom absorbs a photon of light and moves to the first excited state. What will happen next?a. The electron will eventually emit a photon with the same energy as the one it absorbed.9. How do we know that interstellar gas clouds contain Oxygen?a. They give off emission line spectra that have lines with the same wavelengths as Oxygen does on Earth.Section 5 – Telescopes1. When you magnify an object with a telescope, what else happens to your view of the sky?a. Your field of view gets smaller, so you can only see a small area of sky.2. If the Hubble Space Telescope's opening is only 1/4 the size of the Keck Telescope, among the biggest telescopes presently on the surface of Earth, which of the following is true?a. The Keck telescope can observe objects fainter than Hubble.3. Since the Hubble Space Telescope is in orbit around the Earth but the Keck telescope is on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, which of the following is true?a. The Hubble will be able to take sharper images than Keck.4. If you had 1 billion dollars of NASA's money to fund a telescope, which would you choose?a. A combination x-ray and gamma-ray telescope in space.5. The faintness of an object that a telescope can observe is mostly determined by the?a. diameter of the opening of the telescope6. In what ways does a 5 meter telescope outperform a 1 meter telescope?a. Its images are 25 times brighter than a 1 meter.7. Even the largest ground-based telescopes have resolution restrictions imposed by:a. atmospheric blurring of images8. Our atmosphere is completely transparent to ? and ? radiation, which enables observations of these wavelengths from the ground. All other wavelengths must be observed from space.a. visible / radio9. Compared to Keck, Hubble Space Telescope has:a. better resolution but worse light gathering power10. What is the primary difference between a refracting telescope and a reflecting telescope?a. A refractor uses a lens to gather light, while a reflector uses a mirror.Section 6 – Gravity1. From our point of view on Earth, how do the planets appear to move compared