Text Study Guide Adol F11 L Dickson Ch 10 Schools Constructivist vs Direct instruction approaches to student learning strengths criticisms 1 Constructivist emphasize the importance of children actively constructing there own knowledge with guidance and monitoring from teachers critics say theres not enough displine to specific contents such as science and history 2 Direct teacher centered approach critcs passive learners does not challenge students to think critically What is NCLB and what does it have to do with state mandated testing What are some criticisms of NCLB No child left behind act is the US governments way of holding school school districts responsible for the success and failure of students It gives all responsibility to the states making them have there own stands Critics narrow aspect of a students skill basing it solely on one test Limits creativity Teachers leave out constructivist approaches to just make sure students memorize Know the general trends in high school dropout rates including ethnic differences Has declined Latino s highest drop out US black youth less then half finish there senior year Males are more likely to drop out then girls What is a key component of the I Have A Dream Program Long term prevention program for dropping out Its key component is it is a personal program picking a group of young children and following them and aiding them until they graduate then give then college money This group in comparison to other control groups of kids succeed at a much higher rate Skip Transitions from College to Work Recognize examples of classroom management strategies 1 Authoritative encourage independent thinkers but also has effective monitoring Teachers allow limits but have verbal give and takes 2 Authoritarian restrictive and punishing Main goal to keep order in classroom 3 Permissive offers too much autonomy Provides little support in learning skills or behavior How does the level of parent involvement in school change from elementary school to middle school Elementary and middle school minimal involvement The more involved parents are the better off the students What are the key components goals of the Olweus Bullying Prevention program and Steps to Respect Have they been successful Text Study Guide Adol F11 L Dickson Offer 6 15 yr olds to decrease oppurtunities and rewards for bullying Teachers instructed of ways to make schools safer This reduces bulling 30 70 when its done right Steps to respect create world wide approach anti bullying policys 2 Training staff and parents how to deal with bulling 3 Teach students how to recognize and not tolerate bulling Skill training in how to be assertive Successful in reducing bullying and argumentiveness How integrated are US schools What did J Kozol observe on his visits to poor inner city schools School segregation is still present for poor minority students He saw unkept classrooms hallways and restrooms bad text books also so threatening teachers Schools are poorly integrated What is a jigsaw classroom and what was it designed to address Students from different cultural back rounds placed in a cooperative group in which together they each develop and contract different parts of a project to reach a common goal Who decides whether a student has a learning disability Guidelines given by states and even school districts What is IDEA and how is it implemented Indiv With disabilities act free public education It includes evaluation and eligibility determination education and an individual education plan in a least restrictive environment The IEP individual education plan spellsout a program specific for the child and when the implanted should provide and fit needs of student and educational benefits What are the 3 characteristics of gifted children 1 Precocity adol who are gifted are precocious when given the opportunity to use their gift They begin mastering of a specific domain very early is almost effortless INBORN high ability in a specific area 2 Marching to their own drummer require less support or scaffolding from adults to learn often they resist instruction 3 A passion to master driven to understand a certain domain Intense obsessive interest High degree of internal motivation Ch 11 Achievement How do perceived levels of challenge and skill relate to the concept of Flow Perceived levels of challenge and skill can result in different outcomes Flow is most likely to occur in areas in which adolescents are challenged and perceive themselves as having a high degree of skill Text Study Guide Adol F11 L Dickson When adolescents skills are high but their activity provides little challenge the result is boredom When both challenge and skill levels are low apathy occurs When adolescents perceive themselves as not having the adequate skills to a master a challenging task they experience anxiety How do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relate to persistence and achievement Intrinsic motivation was positively linked with grades and standardized test scores whereas extrinsic motivation was negatively related to achievement outcomes and more related to a lower level of independent motivation Students are more motivated to learn when they are given choices How is self efficacy high vs low related to task choice goal setting and achievement Self efficacy the belief that I can Students with low self efficacy for learning might avoid many learning tasks especially those that are challenging whereas students with high self efficacy eagerly approach these learning tasks High self efficacy adolescents had higher academic aspirations spent more time doing homework and were more likely to associate learning activities with optimal experience than their low self efficacy counterparts What are the differences between American and Asian schools and parental attitudes that your text cites in discussing achievement differences between these two cultures Stevenson 1992 1995 Asian teachers spent more of their time teaching math than American teachers did Asian students were in school 240 days a year compared with 178 days in the United States American parts had much lower expectations for their children s education and achievement American parents were more likely to attribute their children s math achievement to innate ability whereas Asian parents were more likely to say that their children s math achievement is the consequence of effort and training these parents were also more likely to help student s with math hw than