Final Exam Study GuideHomicide1. Murdera. Murderi. Unlawful Killing with malice aforethought (intent); premeditation, deliberation, and designb. Voluntary Murderi. Intentional killing with adequate provocation committed in the heat of passion (impulse) and malice aforethought2. Manslaughtera. Voluntary Manslaughter/Second Degree Murderi. A killing committed with reasonable explanation or excuse such as duress; without malice aforethought, with provocation (not self-defense), intent to do harmb. Involuntary Manslaughter (ex. Shooting into a crowd)i. An unintentional killing without malice, no intent to harm or injure, ignore a risk (reckless driver)3. Homicidea. Felony Murder-1st Degreei. When the death of a human occurs during a dangerous felony crimeii. No specific intent to murder requiredb. Vehicular Homicidei. Homicide with a vehicle1. Voluntary or involuntary4. Confrontational Homicidea. Most common type of homicide according to Daviesb. Begin with a public altercationc. Viewed as a contest of honor by at least one of the participantsd. Quickly evolves into violence and ends in death5. Confrontational Homicidea. Victim precipitatedi. Homicide incident in which the victim was the first to employ “physical force against the subsequent slayer”b. Situated transactioni. Opening moveii. Interpretationiii. Retaliationiv. Saving reputationv. Forging a working agreementvi. Final move6. Confrontational Homicidea. Opening Movei. Victim does something to affront the offender1. Comment (makes a comment)2. Refusal to do what the offender wants3. Nonverbal gesture by the victimb. Interpretation of the eventi. Offender’s view of victim’s conduct1. Does not have to be related to victim’s intent7. Confrontational Homicidea. Retaliationi. The opening moves for the offender where the victim is challengedii. Defines the situation as one which violence may occur1. Other decision could be madeb. Saving Reputationi. Want to save reputationii. Place reputation at a higher value than consequences of aggression8. Confrontational Homicidea. Forging a Working Agreementi. Both the offender and the victim committed to battleii. Weapon brought in and homicide occursb. Final Move by offenderi. Offender fleesii. Waits for policeiii. Held involuntarily for police9. Audiencea. How important is an audience?i. Interaction tends to be more severeb. Can the media provide and audience to violence that might not otherwise be present?i. Does this escalate violence?10. The Patterning and Social Dynamics of Confrontational Homicidea. Male dominatedi. Majority of homicides perpetrated by malesii. Most female homicides domestic violence relatediii. Among females, it usually involves another maleb. Homicide Among Whites Highest in Southern Statesi. 2 to 4 times the rate as rest of the nationii. Southern subculture of violence1. Culture of “honor”a. Requires a man to stand up to any affront to their honor2. Structurea. Poverty and inequality11. The Patterning and Social Dynamics of Homicidea. Homicide is intraracial (same race)b. Men are more likely to commit murder and be murderedc. Decrease in early 1990’s i. Social and economic factorsii. Improved medical emergency technologyd. Geographic Patternsi. Higher in urban than ruralii. Homicide rates highest in the south1. 43.6% of all homicides12. The Patterning and Social Dynamics of Homicidea. Homicides more common in urban areasi. Population densityii. Household overcrowding iii. Dilapidated living conditionsiv. Weak social institutionsv. Concentrated disadvantage13. The Patterning and Social Dynamics of Homicidea. Homicide Among African Americans is Highest in Urban Areasi. Subculture1. Violent nature of masculinity2. Violence seen as normal and expected reaction in order to protect honorii. Social Structure1. Anger and frustration arising from discrimination and economic deprivation2. The stress, social disorganization, and other poor conditions of urban life3. Lack of economic resources4. Negative family and school experiences****Questions about killer who killed his wife and put it on fb-The media said that the man could use stand your ground as a defense- Know that copycats are already predisposed to committing the crimeIntimate Partner Homicide1. Intimate Partner Homicidea. The killing of a victim by an offender who is either currently or was formerly in an intimate relationship with the victimb. Strong relationship between users use of drugs, but NOT alcoholc. Firearms most common method followed by knivesi. Choking common prior to homicided. Pregnancy often when abuse begins (Causes of this include: the pregnancy takes more attention away from the male and puts it on the baby, the female gets more attention, making the male feel more neglected)i. Leading cause of children born with brain damage2. Age and Gendera. Both Victim and offender older than those involved in other types of homicidei. Peak age for male offenders 35-39 ii. Peak age for female offenders is 25-29iii. Partner with greater age difference more at risk for homicide1. Especially for females married to older meniv. 30% of female homicides perpetrated by partnerv. 5%of male homicides perpetrated by partner3. Trendsa. Number of men murdered by intimate partners dropped 60% 1976-2000b. The number of women killed by their intimate partners remained stable then dropped in 19934. Cycle of Violencea. Tension Buildingi. Abuser starts to get angryii. Abuse may beingiii. There is a breakdown of communicationiv. Victim feels the need to keep the abuser calmv. Tension becomes too much vi. Victim feels like they are “walking on eggshells”b. Any type of abuse occursi. Physical/sexual/emotionalc. Making Upi. Apologize for abuseii. Promises it will never happen againiii. Victim blamingiv. Denial or minimization d. Calmi. Abuser acts like abuse never happenedii. Physical abuse may not be taking placeiii. Promises made during “making up” may be metiv. Victim may hope that the abuse is overv. Abuser may give gifts to victim5. Characteristics of Batterersa. Often blow up in anger at small incidents.i. Easily insulted, claiming hurt feelings when really very angry.b. Are excessively jeaous:i. At the beginning of a relationship, an abuser may claim that jealousy is a sign of his or her love. Jealousy has nothing to do with love.c. Isolate victim:i. Cut off victim from social supports, accusing the people who act as support network of “causing trouble"d. Have a poor self-image: insecuree. Blame