Final Exam Study Guide Homicide 1 Murder a Murder and design b Voluntary Murder i Unlawful Killing with malice aforethought intent premeditation deliberation i Intentional killing with adequate provocation committed in the heat of passion impulse and malice aforethought 2 Manslaughter a Voluntary Manslaughter Second Degree Murder i A killing committed with reasonable explanation or excuse such as duress without malice aforethought with provocation not self defense intent to do harm b Involuntary Manslaughter ex Shooting into a crowd i An unintentional killing without malice no intent to harm or injure ignore a risk reckless driver 3 Homicide a Felony Murder 1st Degree i When the death of a human occurs during a dangerous felony crime ii No specific intent to murder required b Vehicular Homicide i Homicide with a vehicle 1 Voluntary or involuntary 4 Confrontational Homicide a Most common type of homicide according to Davies b Begin with a public altercation c Viewed as a contest of honor by at least one of the participants d Quickly evolves into violence and ends in death 5 Confrontational Homicide a Victim precipitated i Homicide incident in which the victim was the first to employ physical force against the subsequent slayer b Situated transaction i Opening move ii Interpretation iii Retaliation iv Saving reputation v Forging a working agreement vi Final move 6 Confrontational Homicide a Opening Move i Victim does something to affront the offender 1 Comment makes a comment 2 Refusal to do what the offender wants 3 Nonverbal gesture by the victim b Interpretation of the event i Offender s view of victim s conduct 1 Does not have to be related to victim s intent 7 Confrontational Homicide a Retaliation i The opening moves for the offender where the victim is challenged ii Defines the situation as one which violence may occur 1 Other decision could be made b Saving Reputation i Want to save reputation ii Place reputation at a higher value than consequences of aggression 8 Confrontational Homicide a Forging a Working Agreement i Both the offender and the victim committed to battle ii Weapon brought in and homicide occurs b Final Move by offender i Offender flees ii Waits for police iii Held involuntarily for police 9 Audience a How important is an audience i Interaction tends to be more severe i Does this escalate violence 10 The Patterning and Social Dynamics of Confrontational Homicide a Male dominated i Majority of homicides perpetrated by males ii Most female homicides domestic violence related iii Among females it usually involves another male b Homicide Among Whites Highest in Southern States i 2 to 4 times the rate as rest of the nation ii Southern subculture of violence 1 Culture of honor 2 Structure a Poverty and inequality a Requires a man to stand up to any affront to their honor b Can the media provide and audience to violence that might not otherwise be present 11 The Patterning and Social Dynamics of Homicide a Homicide is intraracial same race b Men are more likely to commit murder and be murdered c Decrease in early 1990 s i Social and economic factors ii Improved medical emergency technology d Geographic Patterns i Higher in urban than rural ii Homicide rates highest in the south 1 43 6 of all homicides 12 The Patterning and Social Dynamics of Homicide a Homicides more common in urban areas 13 The Patterning and Social Dynamics of Homicide a Homicide Among African Americans is Highest in Urban Areas i Population density ii Household overcrowding iii Dilapidated living conditions iv Weak social institutions v Concentrated disadvantage i Subculture honor ii Social Structure deprivation 1 Violent nature of masculinity 2 Violence seen as normal and expected reaction in order to protect 1 Anger and frustration arising from discrimination and economic 2 The stress social disorganization and other poor conditions of urban life Lack of economic resources 3 4 Negative family and school experiences Questions about killer who killed his wife and put it on fb The media said that the man could use stand your ground as a defense Know that copycats are already predisposed to committing the crime Intimate Partner Homicide 1 Intimate Partner Homicide a The killing of a victim by an offender who is either currently or was formerly in an intimate relationship with the victim b Strong relationship between users use of drugs but NOT alcohol c Firearms most common method followed by knives i Choking common prior to homicide d Pregnancy often when abuse begins Causes of this include the pregnancy takes more attention away from the male and puts it on the baby the female gets more attention making the male feel more neglected i Leading cause of children born with brain damage 2 Age and Gender a Both Victim and offender older than those involved in other types of homicide i Peak age for male offenders 35 39 ii Peak age for female offenders is 25 29 iii Partner with greater age difference more at risk for homicide 1 Especially for females married to older men iv 30 of female homicides perpetrated by partner v 5 of male homicides perpetrated by partner a Number of men murdered by intimate partners dropped 60 1976 2000 b The number of women killed by their intimate partners remained stable then 3 Trends dropped in 1993 4 Cycle of Violence a Tension Building i Abuser starts to get angry ii Abuse may being iii There is a breakdown of communication iv Victim feels the need to keep the abuser calm v Tension becomes too much vi Victim feels like they are walking on eggshells b Any type of abuse occurs i Physical sexual emotional c Making Up i Apologize for abuse ii Promises it will never happen again iii Victim blaming iv Denial or minimization d Calm i Abuser acts like abuse never happened ii Physical abuse may not be taking place iii Promises made during making up may be met iv Victim may hope that the abuse is over v Abuser may give gifts to victim 5 Characteristics of Batterers a Often blow up in anger at small incidents i Easily insulted claiming hurt feelings when really very angry b Are excessively jeaous i At the beginning of a relationship an abuser may claim that jealousy is a sign of his or her love Jealousy has nothing to do with love i Cut off victim from social supports accusing the people who act as support c Isolate victim network of causing trouble d Have a poor self image insecure e Blame others for their own problems f Blame others for their own feelings g Very Manipulative i