BIO 120 Objectives 3 General Zoology BIO 120 Lecture NOVA Loudoun Campus Fall 2013 Chapter 3 Objectives Please respond to the following questions in preparation for the lecture evaluation on this material 1 What is an ecosystem 2 What are biogeochemical cycles What are reservoirs and exchange pools What are closed systems and open systems 3 What are the five cycles of most interest to ecologists HINT students should know the hydrologic cycle carbon cycle nitrogen cycle oxygen cycle and phosphorous cycle What is cultural eutrophication 4 What is the difference between trophic levels and trophic structures What is the difference between a food chain and food web and which is a more precise representation of ecological interactions 5 What are primary producers or autotrophs and consumers or heterotrophs What are primary consumers or herbivores and secondary consumers or carnivores What are omnivores saprotrophs scavengers or detritivores and decomposers 6 What are pyramids of biomass numbers and energy HINT students should refer to Figures 3 7 3 9 7 What is the average conversion efficiency from producers to primary consumers 8 What are the seven terrestrial biomes Extra Credit 9 What are the three primary oceanic biotic zones HINT students should be able to recreate Figure 3 11 What is upwelling 10 What are the three biotic zones found in lake and ponds HINT students should be able to recreate Figure 3 12 What is overturn What are eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes BIO 120 Objectives 3 Cycle Water Carbon Nitrogen Driven by sun Reservoirs ocean lake clouds Reservoir atmosphere rocks fossil fuels Reservoirs atmosphere wastes Must be fixed by bacteria and fungi Oxygen Cellular respiration is crucial Phosphorous Reservoirs rocks ocean Eutrophication natural process of weathering natural decay of body of water by debris Cultural eutrophication human reversal overuse of chemicals pollution of body of water by dumping of fertilizers chemicals etc into water Trophic structure feeding relationships food webs Trophic levels where in the trophic structure one is primary consumer secondary consumer tertiary consumer producer Food web more realistic more possible outcomes more precise Food chain linear limited Primary producers self provides nutrients Consumers cannot produce nutrients must consume nutrients Saprotrophs decomposers Pyramids of energy how much energy is transferred to each level energy Detritivores transferred is wide ranging Pyramid of numbers how many of each species is available Pyramid of biomass based on weight of total population Average conversion efficiency from producers to primary consumers is 10 Terrestrial biomes Tundra Desert Chaparral Tropical forest rainforest Grasslands Temperate deciduous forest Boreal forest Oceanic biotic zones Neritic Pelagic Benthic Biotic zones in lakes and ponds Litorral Profundal benthic BIO 120 Objectives 3 Limnetic Overturn Fall cold water floats and warm water sinks Spring warm water floats and cold water sinks Eutrophic lakes lots of nutrients present in lakes Oligotrophic lakes nutrient poor