9/10Developing the research hypothesisGetting Ideas- Problemso How do people solve motivational conflicts?o How do people go from thinking/ perceiving to action?o How do we reduce depression symptomso Why are people happy? Intuitions- People are happy when they get what they want and are unhappy whenthey don’t get what they want- No matter what they get, people are happy Inductive reasoning: moving form specific facts to general conclusionsFormalizing ideas into research hypothesis- Can we be sure that we gathered all the specific facts to support our conclusions?o No- So… the problem needs to be translated into a testable and falsifiable hypothesiso There must be some possible set of data that could disconfirm the predicationso The variables can be measured and the relationship between them can be proved to be false- Deductive reasoningo Moving from general to particularo Laws- very general principles that apply to all situationso Theories- integrated set of principles that predicts and explains many relationships between the variables within a specific domain of inquiry Field theory (Kurt Lewin): the behavior of people is always a function of the fieldof forces in which they find themselves- Individual personal attributes- The social situationo B= f(individual*situation)o The goal is support the theory By looking for instances where it may failo A theory is never proved Only well supported- Problem: how do people go from thinking / perceiving to action?o James (1890) ideo-motor principle Just by thinking, you initiate behavioro Theories Berkowitz (1984) activation spreads from the representations of the perceived act to the representations of the behavior (behavioral schema) Prinz (1990) common code or shared representational systems for language comprehension and behavior productiono Research Hypothesis (Bargh et al., 1996) When stereotypes or trait constructs were “primed,” or non-consciously activated in the course of an unrelated task, the participant subsequently was more likely to act in line with the content of the primed trait construct or stereotype - “The Hourglass Notion of Research”o Begins deductive Problem Theory Hypothesis Data- Once you have data then you go back and draw a general conclusiono InductiveGetting new ideas accumulation of knowledge- Replicationo Before reproducing the study you want to change something to see if that changes the results- Test mediatorso What is the variable that is creating this relationship, why is it doing it? Ex: strength of association in elderly memory/walking test- Finding limiting conditions (moderators)o Does it only happen in certain areas/ under specific
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