AASP STUDY GUIDEPEOPLE TO KNOW:Equiano- he wrote an early narrative of the slave trade where he described the triangle trade. (Middle Passage, Barbados, domestic slave trade) Ayuba- wealthy in Africa, nobleman. Visited a friend and took off his armour and was captured. Could read and write Arabic. Went to Africa and bought slaves.Booker T Washington- in conjunction with Dubois. Wanted blacks on jury, wanted an end to the Grandfather Clause. He supported the disenfranchisement “ignorant and property less of all races.” DJ Kool Herc- (Clive Campbell) credited for starting hip hop. From the Bronx. Jamaican.Charles Hamilton Houston-prominent lawyer. Wanted to seek equality through the legal system. Known for dismantling the Jim Crow Laws. He also trained Thurgood Marshall.Carl B Stokes- the first African American mayor of a major city. (Cleveland Ohio) Don’t vote for me because I’m a negro, but don’t vote against me because I’m a negro.Maggie Lena Walker- one major fact, she was the President of the St. Luke Penny Savings bank which made her the first female bank president.Robert F. Williams- civil rights leader. Promoted armed black self- defense in the United States.Shirley Chisholm- the first African American woman to run for the presidential nomination in a major political party. (democratic) Did not gain much support from the black community, but put herself out there.Marcus Garvey- ship line, organization, newspaper. founded *UNIA. Believed he was pure African. (Universal Negro Improvement Association)Dr. King-Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery Improvement Association, Civil Rights Movement, Letter to Birmingham Jail, Non Violent CampaignFrazier- when Africans were brought to the New world, they forgot their African past. Culturally started new when they get here.Hirschkovitz- the black family descends from Africans. Familial structure comes from Africa.W.E.B. Dubois- wanted to encourage education and political gains. Went to white schools.Black Panther Party- Founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Ceale for self-defenseRival of BPP was US which was headed by Ron Karenga inventor of Quonza (holiday)Ten Points of Black Panther Party1. We want freedom.2. we want shelter fit for human being.3. We want education.4. We want full employment in our people.5. We want an end of police brutality.6. We want all black men to be exempt for military.7. We want to be judged by a jury of black peers8. We want all blacks men to be freed from city, state, county and federal jail.9. We want an end to the robbery of our black community.10. We want land, bread, freedom as a major political objective.Stereotypes:Jezebel-loose, not trustworthy, seductive, hypersexual.Mammy- fat, dark, old, ugly, asexual, caregiver.Zip Coon- silly, foolish, child-like, coward.Brute/Buck- strong, violent, animalistic.Terms:- Conservative Behaviorism- hard work. Thrifty, frugal, black capitalism, hardworking.- Liberal Structuralism- can eradicate or affect the damage of racism through liberal government. Affect and lessen the damage by making liveral reforms in government. - Nihilism- hopeless and despair.- Multicultural Racism-Also called “Positive discrimination”.Breaks blacks into two categories, good blacks(West Indians) and bad blacks (Americans).- Liberal Integrationism - strategy of political action that calls for the dismantling of institutional racism through reforms in government and the assimilation of blacks at all levels of culture.- Symbolic Representation-the Idea that if a colored person is given a high ranking position some people of color or women are thereby empowered.- Sampling- - AFDC- you could not get assistance if you had a man living with you. Gave assistance for single parents or low income.- TANF-welfare clock, cash assistance. Established family caps couldn’t have more children. No allowance for childcare. - The Harrison Act- the first drug law in the nation. 1914. Before that, never had any attempts to make drugs illegal.- Anti- Drug Abuse Act-illegal importation, manufacture, distribution, and possession and improper use of drugs.- Emancipatory Journalism- perspective of the oppressed. We are not neutral.- The Blues- it is a intellectual movement based on human rights. Centers around human rights. In the context of Katrina disaster.- The Civil Rights Act ’65-It outlawed literacy tests and poll taxes as a way of assessing whether anyone was fit or unfit to vote.- Browder vs. Gayle- (court cases) invalidated segregation in public transportation.- Brown vs. Board-overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson and stated that separation was unequal.- Regents of University of California vs. Bakke- related to affirmative action. One of the first major challenges in the late 70s to affirmative action. Made racial quotas illegal. - Institutional Racism-describes any kind of system of inequality based on race.- 13th Amendment- ended slavery- 14th Amendment- granted citizenship- 15th Amendment-right to vote- 4 original elements of hip-hop-(1) The DJ (2) The emcee (3) B-Boy or Breaking (4) Grafitti- Revolutionary/Cultural Nationalism-nation is defined by a shared culture.- 3 Parts to slave religion (Dubois)- 1- preacher (leader, connects this to African tradition) 2- music ( calls them sorrow songs because that is always what they are doing but not out of happiness) 3- frenzy- 4 steps to a non-violent campaign-1. Collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; 2. Negotiation; 3. Self-purification; 4. Direct action- Authorship and the oral tradition- Redlining- designates certain areas of higher risk. Difficult to get business loan orinsurance in those areas.*Would help- Bell Hooks, Jared Ball, Malcolm Gladwell, Woods *LEXICON-Minority- the elite white male.Socialism- economic system in which the means of production are controlled by workers,communities, and countries.Capitalism- an economic or cultural system in which the means of production are controlled by individuals and corporations. Colony/Colonization- a racially ethically or culturally distinct group held internally within a nation or externally by a distant but powerful mother country, whose economic, social, cultural and political world are controlled by that mother country.Politics- that which determines and maintains power.Democracy- a system of governess in which there exists an electoral system of majority rule. This is commonly understood as one person, one vote. Pan Africanism- the recognition of all African