Chapter 16 Nutrition in adulthood March 4th 2011 Adulthood 19 30 young adulthood 31 50 young adulthood 51 70 middle adulthood 70 older adulthood Graying of America People over 65 Account for 13 of the US population Account for 25 of all prescription medication Account for 40 of all hospitalizations Account for 50 of federal health budget 65 have nutrition related problems What is Aging Process of slow cell death Cells age and die Aging body can no longer replenish cells or meet physiological demands Organs retain reserve capacity Maintain normal function with decreased cell number or activity for a while After reserve capacity is exhausted function decreases Decline of Physiological Function What Causes Aging What Causes Aging Life Span Maximum number of years a human can live Record 122 years woman 114 years man Dependent on genes and environment Life Expectancy Number of years an average person born in a specific year is expected to live In North America 75 yrs for men 80 yrs for women Only 64 healthy years Anticipate a tremendous growth in the 85 years old population Fountain of Youth Avoid excessive sun exposure Avoid smoking Avoid exposure to environmental hazards and chemicals Exercise regularly Healthy diet Cannot avoid aging compression morbidity Nutrient Needs Calorie needs decrease Protein can help preserve muscle and bone mass Limit fat Emphasize complex carbohydrates Plenty of fluids Mineral and Vitamin Needs Calcium and Vitamin D Iron Blood loss Zinc Decreased absorption Magnesium Limited intake Folate B 6 and B 12 Some may require supplements How Are We Doing Eating less saturated fat Eating more cheese Eating less animal fat and more vegetable oils Leaner cattle and hogs available High intakes of white bread beef chicken milk donuts cakes cookies soft drinks mayonnaise sugar sweets Nutrition Concerns With Aging Nutrition Concerns With Aging Medications Influence Nutrition Needs Two thirds of all elderly take prescription drugs May interact with nutrients May affect appetite May increase loss of nutrients Diuretics leach potassium out of the Long term aspirin use can lead to body anemia Alternative Medicine Not evaluated by FDA Questionable purity and quantity Possible health risks Use only one product at a time Keep a diary of symptoms Check with physician before discontinuing prescribed medication Report ALL use of non prescription supplements to a physician Alternative Medicine Alternative Medicine Alternative Medicine Foundation www amfoundation org NCCAM Complementary and Alternative Medicine Citation Index nccam nih gov American Botanical Council abc herbalgram org Complementary and Alternative Medicine Program at Stanford camps stanford edu National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements ods od nih gov Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database www naturaldatabase com Depression Isolation loneliness are common Death of loved one Poor er appetite Poor food choices Especially by men Many live alone Use of medications Need social support Guidelines for Healthful Eating Benefits of Good Nutrition Delays onset of some diseases Improves current condition Improves quality of life Decreases length of hospital stays More independence Community Nutrition Services Congregate meal programs Provide lunch at a central location Meals on wheels Provide 1 3 of the RDA AI Federal commodity distribution Low income elderly Food stamps Food cooperatives Nutrition and Cancer 2nd leading cause of death 1500 deaths each day due to cancer 50 of cancer deaths due to Lung Colorectal Breast Prostate Cancer Initiation Promotion Progression Metastasize Cancer Prevention Moderate calorie and fat intake Diet rich in fruits and vegetables Include whole grains fish and low fat dairy products Include physical activity Avoid obesity Alcohol in moderation Limit intake of animal fat Limit intake of cured smoked and intrate cured foods
View Full Document
Unlocking...