Chapter 10 Extrinsic something given as a recognition of good work Intrinsic personal satisfaction felt for a job well done Taylor scientific management Studying works to determine the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching those techniques 3 key elements to increase productivity time method of work rules of work Taylor s key principles 1 Study how a job is performed 2 Gather time and motion info 3 Check different methods 4 Modify the best method into rules 5 Choose workers whose skill matches the rules 6 Establish a fair level of performance and pay Time notion studies studies of which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the Principle of motion economy every job can be broken down into a series of elementary time needed to do each task motions Gilbreth Hawthorne effect people act differently when they know they are being studied Maslow s Hierarchy of needs theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety social and esteem needs If a need is filled a higher level need emerges Physiological safety social esteem and self actualization Hygiene needs job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if they are increased McGregor s x y X Dislike work Avoid responsibility Little ambition Force control direct Motivated by fear and money Like work Naturally work towards goals Seeks responsibility Motivated by empowerment Imaginative creative and clever Hybrid approach Y Z Goal setting theory setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted accompanied by feedback and facilitated Management by objective MBO involves a cycle of discussion review evaluation of objectives among top and middle level managers supervisors and employees Expectancy theory amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their Reinforcement theory positive and negative reinforces motivate a person to behave in expectations of the outcome certain ways Extinction a way of trying to stop behavior by not responding to it Equity theory employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar situations Job enlargement job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenging interesting assignment Job rotation job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from on job to another Baby boomers experiences the greatest economic prosperity job security optimism Generation x raised in dual career families attend day care feeling of insecurity about Generation y raised by indulgent parents used to many comforts like computers and cell about their future jobs phones
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