Exam (Bring Blue Book)Give general description of Durkheim, Hobbes on social orderSmith on marketsOlson collective actionDurkheim suicideCompare and contrastDurkheim vs. rational choice theoryUse one against the otherTalk about strengths and weaknesses of these perspectivesNot personal evaluation, but actual strengths and weaknesses from lectureConcise and detailedChoose one aspect and focus on itRelevant detailsDraw from lecture and readingsKnow the major names of people but not necessarily the not so important people (briefly mentioned in lecture)DiscussionDurkheim and suicide 1. Anomie o Knowing what the norms in general society as well as the specific norms based on scopeconditions, ie Americans vs. American studentso When people move from the hierarchy in society, specifically in the economy, he showed that when the econ is contracting or expanding rapidly, suicide goes up.o Counterintuitive we think that it only happens when people are getting poorer but in fact it happens in also econ expansionthe change is what causes the suicide, not the direction of change-these people are in a state of normlessness because what they are used to changes so they become unaware of how to actMerton on devianceo Argued when norms are clear and when society sets limits to peoples desire, puts a ceiling, this results in lower rates of deviance in comparison to a society where there is no limit to how rich someone can getThe reason because the 2nd situation causes disjuncture between what people want and what they can actually achieve-Causes innovation – choose alternative means to reach the same endo Rob a bank or other illegal action to become rich rapidly, this is why crime rates are higher in US in comparison to India2. Smith shows that in some kind of conditions when people are only self interested and selfish, it produces positive benefits to society as a whole, under the condition of competitive and free markets, results in econ growth. Under the condition of laissez faireo He assumes that you have a state that protects property rights and tradeo Guards external threat (war with other country) and internal threat (neighbors stealing your shit)3. Hobbes he argues that absent the state, or labiathan, the consequences of the rational self interested man, will result in negative results for the whole societyo Results in war of all against allo The solution?  Give up some freedom for security4. Exchange theory/power and dependence/ agency theoryo Agency theory is an abstract depiction of relation  Features are delegation of authority- We elect a politician to act on our behalf o We are principals and we delegate authority to the presidento When president doesn’t do what he is supposed to do, consequences for the principal that delegates the authority How to ensure they will do what they’re supposed to?- Selection of candidate- Monitoring/surveillance- We use positive and negative sanctions o Don’t re-elect o They force your interests to align with their interests o Exchange theory primarily focuses on small group interaction which is why it is related to power and dependence It adds to the model because it specifies what people want Durkheim—social and macro level explanation5. Biological facts vs psychologyo Study of social facts and currents Independent of people, prior to people, and coercive over their behavior Explaining not why jo robbed a bank, but rather the crime rate in US- These are social facts that vary in systematic way over time- US crime rate is higher than Franceo Society is different- Divorce is much higher NOW than in 1940o Society must have changed to make this changeo Rational theorists always say that its due to micro level, what is going on in the head of the individual Durkheim says that its actually 6. Sucide questiono Start with defining that it is fundamentally a solidarity issueo Then discuss egoistic suicide—solidarity is too low Childless parents Unmarriedo Altruistic—when solidarity is too high Military Suicide bomber terrorists Women in tribal society who kill themselves when husband dieso AnomicRapid change leads to suicide coz of state of normlessness7. Critique of the model of socialization and internalization o People are carriers of their society, and they internalize these values so they don’t see them as coercive, people then become more socialized than they ever were People don’t necessarily internalize ALL values, they pick and choose, and change their minds about these values Critique from RC—they don’t act on values at all, they act on reaction of society because it benefits them in the long run Functionalist argument views people as too socialized and are unable to act - Critique that the micro foundation assumptions are misleading Ex: In clothing store, RC, if no one is looking, you steal- In Durkheiman theory, you don’t steal because norms in society tells you it’s wrong, so you wait for clerk and buy itemso In reality, both happen. o Change – there is no endogenous motor of change Nothing within the theoretical framework that will tell you what is gonna change They serve a function, because they serve a function, they continue to exist and reproduce society. Closed cycle Change only comes from outside the theory to disrupt the flow of things- Theory doesn’t specify whats gonna happen to change the things, its exogenous The problem—when exogenous shocks become more numerous- US in 1960, theory cant tell you whats gonna happen or how to react, if theyre happening a lot, a theory that includes them is needed- Therefore, edit the theoryo Functionalist doesn’t account for change. o Merton accounted for changeSaid there are functional alternatives—there are 2 institutions that serve the same functionLatent function-Functions of something that people are not aware of and were not anticipated when the institution was foundedo They can cause change through unintended outcomeo They can cause conflict because when you construct an institution that’s supposed to serve a certain function, but then find out that it could serve another function, it causes confictFamily-Role of man vs. Woman. 50% of population is doing only one job, a lot of women not happy, therefore change the role of the women, therefore conflict arises, women movemento It also may cause dysfunctionWhen theories are broadened, it becomes impossible tomodify the