Chapter 5 PSY 2012 SpiresDevelopmental Psychology- Developmental psychology – looks at people from conception until deatho Also known as the “life-span developmental approach”- Nature vs. Nurture o Nature – given naturally due to our environment or certain conditionedo Nurture – happens from how we’re raisedo Interactionist perspective – states who we are is because of the Nature vs. Nurture effect- Ontogery Recapitulate Phylogeny – development of an organism is the same as the species- Prenatal development – 9 month period prior to birtho Ovum – mature female egg that avails itself for fertilizationo Zygote – fertilized ovumo Embryo – stage of rapid growth and development Placenta – ball of nervous tissue that does stuffo Fetus – last stage before birth; independent respiration and adipose tissue (fat) formso Infant – the final product- Teratogen – anything that can adversely affect development of the child- Reflexes o Protective reflexes Coughing Sneezingo Startle reflex EX: jumpingo Grasp reflex EX: grabbingo Babinski reflex Feet moving when touchedo Rooting reflex Baby trying to get something in his mouth when his cheek is touched- Apgar Test – test for nervous system development- Cognitive development – process of how the brain mentally developso Piaget did research in this fieldo He proposed that the brain develops in stages:(infant – 2) 1. Sensory motor stage – child uses sensory skills to recognize thingsPage 1 of 2Chapter 5 PSY 2012 Spires(2 – 6 years) 2. Preoperational stage – learns to anticipate consequences for behavior(6 – 11 years)3. Concrete operational stage – formulate simple hypotheses(11+ years) 4. Formal operations stage – understand abstract ideas- Egocentrism –understand things based on their own feelings and self-desire- Schema – a mental framework that we build upono Assimilation – knows how to do somethingo Accommodation – learning how to do something- Object permanence – realizes things exist even though they can’t see it- Conservation – ability to tell volumes and differences in amounts- Girls enter growth spurts between 8 and 9 years of age.- Boys enter growth spurts between 9 and 11 years of age.- Parents begin showing differences in gender as early as birth.- Males are more affected by divorce than females.- 3 parenting styles:o Authoritarian – “Do what I say without question” attitude toward childreno Authoritative – parent listens to child but the child must still obeyo Permissive – allows children to do what they pleasePage 2 of
View Full Document