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COMS 130 Final Exam Study GuideFamiliarize yourself with the following topics:- Public Speaking and Democratic Citizenship (Chapter 1)o Citizenship means getting involved in our local community, sharing ideas with others, and communicating with others about important issues and controversies. o Democratic Citizenship: voting, getting more involved, speeches, becoming a participant in public lifeo Speaking responsibly: civic virtue: devoting to one’s community and the common good. o Promiscuous audience- an audience composed of both men and womeno Effeminate style- a style that emphasizes storytelling, self-revelation, and emotional appeals. - Ethical Public Speaking (Chapter 2)o Obligations to speak honestly, know what you’re talking about, and remain open to changing your mind when confronted with compelling arguments. o Plagiarism: submitting material that in part of whole is not entirely one’s own work without attributing those same portions to their correct source.o Paraphrasing: putting the ideas or insights of others into your own words. o Ghostwriting: presenting somebody else’s words or ideas especially in the form of speeches. For example most presidents don’t fully write their own speeches. o It’s important to be careful when dealing with Emotional Appeal: Demagogue- someone who deceives or manipulates their audiences usually by provoking strong emotional responses. - Listening (Chapter 4)o Listening for appreciation - listening for enjoymento Empathic Listening - listening to show our support and understanding for the feelings of another persono Informational listening - taking in information accurately and expanding our knowledge about a subject, we want to understand and remember whatwe are hearing.o Critical listening - analyzes and evaluates the speaker’s message. We makejudgments about the relevance, accuracy, timeliness, and validity of the message. In many instances, informational listening serves as the foundation for critical listening. Barriers to Good Lisetning:o Passivity Syndrome: the speaker acts and the listener react, but remains passive. (if the speaker fails, too bad for them) not the right attitude to have.o Mental Argument: silently refuting the ideas of the speaker because we become defensive about something we hear. o Short Attention Spano Stereotypingo Distractions: should not be distracted by a speakers physical appearance, visual images can sometimes distract us.- Understanding Diverse Audiences (Chapter 5)- Audience of Demographics:o Age, Gender, Race and Ethnicity, Intercultural factors, Religion, Geographic/Cultural Environment, Education, Occupation or Profession, Economic Status. o Saliency: personal relevance. (differs based on age)o Gender identity: differences and similarities in the way men and women behave, what they value, and what they believe are shaped in large measure by social norms and expectations that vary across cultures. o Racism: the belief in the superiority or inferiority of particular races, leadsto prejudice and oppression. o Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological needs, safety needs, belonging needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needso Important to Identify Communal Needs and Valueso Gathering information for audience adaptation, internet research, interviewing for information, audience surveys, etc.- Developing Your Speech (Chapter 6)o Finding a suitable topic is important: Topics of public concern: reading newspapers and staying up to date about issues that affect your community, nation, and world. What matters to you- things that interest you Self-inventory: taking a thoughtful look at what you really know and care about. (Personal concerns and community issues as well as intellectual and educational interests) Accuracy: Learn as much as you can about your topic. Ethical obligation when speaking to influence, what you are talking about is true.  don’t want to mislead or harm your audience.o General Purposes: Persuasive Purposes: aim to get something, usually agreement, empathy, or change in behavior. You don’t want the audience to just understand your point; you want to influence their beliefs, values, and actions. Informative Purposes: your goal is to help your listeners understand something they did not understand before Ceremonial Purposes: honor someone, celebrate an event of shared significance, pay tribute to someone we have loved or lost.o Specific Purpose: the ultimate response that the speaker hopes to achieve.(Foundation of your speech)o Thesis Statement: a declarative statement that sums up the thesis of your speech also known as the central idea of the speech. The thesis statement is what listeners will carry away with them. o A single, complete, declarative sentence that embodies the idea that you want the audience to understand or accept in order to accomplish your specific purpose. - Supporting Ideas With Evidence (Chapter 8)o Supporting Material is important: we need evidence to support ideas.o Facto Definitionso Examples Actual examples Hypothetical exampleso Statisticso Testimony Personal testimony Lay testimony- based on first hand experience, but unlike personaltestimony, the experience is not your own. Ordinary men and women whose testimony is compelling due to personal experiences Expert testimony- relies on those whom we regard as experts, have some special education, training, or work-related experience to the subject.o Comparison and Contrast: looking for similarities and differences between new experiences and old ones. o Testing Evidence: Accuracy, Completeness, Recency, Source Reliability, Audience Appropriateness, and Ethical Considerations. - Organizing Your Speech (Chapter 9)o Chronological Order: begin with a specific point in time and then move forward or backward, depending on the nature of the subject. Best for a process or a historical event.o Spatial Order: You use space as your ordering principle. A speech explaining architectural plans or describing major tourist attractions of a big city, are good examples of this. o Categorical Order: Ideas that arranged in a pattern that emphasizes distinct topics. Arranging your ideas categorically, you address types, forms, qualities, or aspects of a speech subject. Good for informative speeches.o Climactic Order: a sequence that goes from simple to difficult, from leastimportant to most important, or from emotionally neutral to emotionally intense.


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KU COMS 130 - Final Exam Study Guide

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