Three Domains of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Archaea vs Eubacteria Archaea o Pseudomurin o Gram stain irrelevant o RNA polymerase more eukaryotic than prokaryotic o Membranes monolayer OR phospholipid bilayer Eubacteria o Peptidoglycan o Gram stain o RNA polymerase unique o Membranes phospholipid bilayer Limitations of Species Definition Species collection of strains that share stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains Strain descendants of single pure culture Archaea vs Eubacteria Peptidoglycan Gram Stain More abundant more diverse than eukaryotes Medically important o Pathogenic o Source of Antiboitics o Bioremediations roles Koch s Postulates 1 Present in every case absent from healthy 2 3 4 Isolated grown in culture Inoculation leads to disease Isolate same organism from new host Molecular and genetic evidence often substituted Hetero Auto Photo Chemo Carbon Source o Heterotrophs use organics Add essential nutrients to sustain bacteria or we add specific bacteria o Survive in extreme environments extremophiles Extreme pH temperature salt concentrations etc Were earliest life on earth o Autotrophs use simple carbons like CO2 rarely CH4 Energy Source o Phototrophs use light energy o Chemotrophs use high energy organics inorganics NH3 or small inorganics CH4 Combinations Photoautotrophs photosynthetic plants protists bacteria Chemoautotrophs bacteria Photoheterotrophs bacteria Chemoheterotrophs animals fungi many bacteria some protists Fast growing hot vents black smokers Carbon Source CO2 Energy Source Hydrogen sulfides Slow growing cold seeps in Gulf of Mexico Carbon Source Energy Source What color is important Why Remember these organisms live in total darkness What causes that color What is the function of this compound o Hemoglobin causes red color function is to retain salt Nitrogen Cycle
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