Taylor Stone KNES282 10 29 13 Legal Concerns negligence suits have increased in frequency and money anyone providing health care must know limitations 1 Malfeasance performs action that is not his to legally perform 2 Misfeasance improperly perform something that they have legal right to do 3 Nonfeasance failure to perform legal duty Negligence care giver does something reasonable person wouldn t care giver doesn t do something they should AT has duty to provide coverage to athletes once individual assumes duty of care they are obligated to provide care Good Samaritan Law provides limited protection against legal liability to one that provides care should something go wrong Liability being legally responsible for harm one causes another certain you are aware of rules and regulation relative to healthcare Standard of Reasonable Care assumes that person is of ordinary and reasonable prudence bring commonsense approach to situation must operate within limitations of education establishing negligence duty of care existed conduct of defendant fell short of duty defendant cause injury results in personal property or punitive damages Tort legal wrongs committed against a person nonfeasance malfeasance misfeasance Statutes of Limitation specific length of time that an individual can sue for injury varies by state but generally ranges from 1 3 years clock begins at time of negligent act or discovery of act minors get extension Assumption of Risk athlete is made aware of inherent risks in sport and voluntarily decides to continue expressed in written waiver or implied from conduct or athlete once participation starts can be used as defense in negligence case doesn t excuse overseers from exhibiting reasonable care many and varied interpretations waiver stands unless in cases of fraud misrepresentation and duress Decreasing Risks of Litigation warn athletes of potential risks of sport supervise constantly and attentively properly condition athletes know athlete s specific medical problems work to establish a good rapport with athletes develop emergency action plan clear athletes before they play use common sense in making health decisions Conditioning fitness is critical for performance and injury prevention improper conditioning is a major cause of sports related injuries Areas of Concern flexibility muscular strength endurance power cardiorespiratory endurance Conditioning Seasons Periodization traditional seasons no longer exist year round training cycle preseason in season and off season changes intensity volume specificity of training occur in for peak levels of fitness broken into periods Early off season transition period unstructured escape rigors of training Off season preparatory period hypertrophy endurance phase low intensity with high volume development of endurance base last several weeks to 2 months strength phase intensity and volume increase Pre season In season power phase high intensity volume is decreased to allow adequate recovery competition high intensity low volume skill training sessions designed to ensure peak on days of competition may incorporate weekly training cycles Cross training training for a sport with substitutions of alternative activities transition and preparatory periods Foundation of Conditioning and Training motivation consistency progression intensity specificity individuality relaxation safety SAID principle Warm up precaution against unnecessary musculoskeletal injury and soreness may enhance certain aspects of performance prepares body stimulates cardiorespiratory system increases metabolic processes core temp and muscle elasticity General activities which bring general warming to body Specific specific to sport Cool down essential component of workout bring body back to resting state 5 10 in duration decreases muscle soreness following training Flexibility ability to move a joint smoothly through a full ROM decreased ROM can decrease performance create uncoordinated movement lead to injury without necessary flexibility the tendon might exceed capacity muscle tendon unit requires storage of elastic energy Factors bony structures tissue approximation excessive fat skin muscle and tendon length CT scarring Active ROM dynamic flexibility ability to move joint without assistance Passive ROM static motion of join when another person moves the joint ROM must be able to move through unrestricted range Agonist Muscles joints are capable of multiple movements muscle producing movement quadriceps extend knee Antagonist muscle undergoing stretch hamstrings Trunk hip flexion test trunk extension test shoulder extension test Stretching Techniques Ballistic bouncing movement in which repetitive contractions of agonist work to stretch antagonist while effective in improving flexibility should use caution possible soreness if jerks are greater than tissue extensibility Dynamic most chosen related to types of activity an athlete will do tend to be more functional prior to activity mimic component of athletic activity Static passively stretching go to max stretch and back off slightly controlled should proceed ballistic shoulder towel stretch anterior abdominal stretch William s flexion Muscular Strength ability to generate force against resistance Isometric no length change contraction where muscle length doesn t change contraction that lasts 10 sec quick effective cheap good rehab only works at one o point of ROM Isotonic Isokinetic concentric shortening of muscle to overcome more resistance 1 2 sec eccentric lengthening of muscle b c load is greater than force produced 2 4 sec various types of equipment spotter prevent injury motivate instruct use both for greatest strength improvement Muscular Power relationship between strength and time Muscular Endurance repetitive muscular contraction increase strength increase endurance Continuous Training aerobic 3 times week at least 20 minutes training HR target HR max HR 220 age Karvonen formula Interval Training target HR resting HR 6 max HR rest HR intermittent activities involving periods of intense work and recovery 60 80 of max heart rate allows for higher intensity training at short intervals over extended time most anaerobic sports require short bursts Fartlek Training cross country speed play pace and speed are not specified but similar to interval training consists of varied terrain dynamic elevate HR to minimal levels off season Knee complex joint that endures great amount of trauma hinge joint w rotation