Chapter 7 Continued Deviance and Social Control 3 10 14 Types of Crime Victimless Crimes willing exchange among adults of widely desired but illegal goods and services example drug use White Collar and Technology Based Crime Less likely to get in trouble because of higher social class Illegal acts committed in the course of business activities Computer Crime use of high technology to carry out embezzlement or Corporate Crime any act by a corporation that is punishable by the electronic fraud government Transnational Crime crime that occurs across multiple national boarders example human trafficking International crime spans the globe How do we compare to other developed countries Zimring and Hawkins 1993 Similar violent and nonviolent crime rates Austria Canada New Zealand Only difference murder rate 90 same race white victim white killer Black males are more likely to be a victim The south west of the U S is more dangerously unsafe compared to others Property crimes and violent crimes have dropped a lot since the 1990s Chapter 8 Stratification and Social Mobility in the U S Is social inequality inescapable Is this country still a place where a hard working person can move up the social ladder Systems of Stratification Social Inequality situation where members of society have different amounts of wealth prestige or power ranking Social Stratification structurally patterned and intergenerationaly transmitted inequality same social class as parents for a while Two systems of stratification Open Stratification achievement based Closed Stratification can move up or down in position stay in class born in cannot move up Closed Stratification System Slavery a form of social stratification in which some people own other people Slavery today Ivory Coast Mauritania Niger and Sudan 21 million people are still enslaved today Christian Solidarity International An organization that pays people to help free slaves Caste System a form of social stratification in which one s status is determined by birth and is life long India best representation still going on in people s minds Brahman priests and teachers Kshatriya rulers and soldiers Vaishya merchants and traders Shudra peasants and laborers Dalit untouchables the outcasts Estate System lord and the servant Europe lords owned the land Servants had very little power and could not move up higher Open Stratification System class system Rich Upper middle class Lower middle class Working class Poor working class Poor Can be born in one class but work your way up to another boundaries are flexible Why is Social Stratification Universal Functionalist View K Davis and W Moore Society must make certain that its positions are filled Some positions are more important than others The most important positions must be filled by the most qualified people For the most important positions society must offer greater rewards People get what they deserve Conclusion Conflict View M Tumin inequality inevitable good Some people inherit money and opportunities Positions occupied by the upper class get greater rewards Many important positions do not receive great rewards Many able people are prevented from obtaining the training needed to achieve prestigious positions Need a little bit of both views Conclusion inequality is not inevitable or good Gerhard Lenski s Synthesis 1966 Evolutionary Theory of Social Stratification Functionalist View inequality is necessary and universal Conflict View there is too much social inequality Assumptions about human nature Human beings are not consistently altruistic in their relationships with each other Humans are unequally inequality endowed by nature some are strong and smarter can t ignore Lenski s Viewpoint Lenski s Viewpoint as a society advances technologically it becomes capable of producing a surplus of goods Emergence of surplus resources expands possibilities for inequality Allocation of surplus goods and services reinforces social inequality Represents functionalist view Class System Karl Marx Only dimension that mattered was wealth Social Class relationships to the means of production within capitalism 2 social classes one dimensional approach to social class Bourgeoisie capitalist and proletariat working class Believed middle class would disappear Some would go down towards working class and others would go up to the upper class Class Consciousness working class will understand where they stand False Consciousness upper class Max Weber Social Class multidimensional approach to social class Class wealth Party power Status prestige Most have all three but not always Can acquire all three if you don t have them at first Property Power Prestige Prestige Power Wealthy men who became presidents Wealthy in general Ronald Reagan Property Olympic gold medalists Power Property Crooked politicians Prestige Abe Lincoln Colin Powell Social Class in the United States Rossides 5 Class Model Upper Class 1 to 2 percent Upper Middle Class 10 to 15 percent Lower Middle Class 30 to 35 percent Working Class 40 to 45 percent Lower Class 20 to 25 percent Gilbert and Kahl updated Weber version Capitalist 1 percent Upper Middle Class 15 percent Lower Middle Class 34 percent Working Class 30 percent Working Poor 16 percent Underclass 4 percent Occupation Power Education Prestige Income Wealth
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