Pre-colonial African DynastiesRape, Racism etc.3 things that will end rapeMaggie Lena Walker – Black women created two of the era’s most successful businesses. In 1903, Maggie Lena Walker (1867-1934) founded the Richmond, Virginia, St Luke’s Penny Savings Bank. Ida B. Wells – An African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist and, with her husband, newspaper owner Ferdinand L. Barnett, an early leader in the civil rights movement.Winthrop JordanA professor of history and renowned writer on the history of slavery and the origins of racism in the United States. Slavery had more of an inferior root than economic. Eric WilliamSlavery has an economic root racism was a consequence of slavery. Frederick Douglass - Was an American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement, gaining note for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writing.13th, 14th, 15th amendments13TH – abolished slavery14th – Citizenship15th – Voting Freedman’s Bureau – The Freedmen's Bureau was an important agency of the early Reconstruction, assisting freedmen (freed ex-slaves) in the South.Slave RebellionBrowder v GayleWas a case heard before a three-judge panel of the United States District Court for the Middle District ofAlabama on Montgomery and Alabama state bus segregation laws. The district court's ruled on June 13, 1956 that bus segregation was unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment protections for equaltreatment.David Walker’s Appeal- Was an outspoken African-American abolitionist and anti-slavery activist. In 1829, while living in Boston, Massachusetts, he published An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World,[4] a call for black unity and self-help in the fight against oppression and injustice.Nat TurnerWas an American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in 60 white deaths and at least 100 black deaths. He gathered supporters in Southampton County, Virginia.Gabriel (Prosser)Denmark Vesey-Was an African-Caribbean who was most famous for planning a slave rebellion in the United States in 1822.Slaughterhouse Cases-Were the first United States Supreme Court interpretation of the relatively new Fourteenth Amendmentto the Constitution. It is viewed as a pivotal case in early civil rights law, reading the Fourteenth Amendment as protecting the "privileges or immunities" conferred by virtue of the federal United Statescitizenship to all individuals of all states within it, but not those privileges or immunities incident to citizenship of a state.BTW- beliefs and secret lifeDu Bois – Slave ReligionBlack Soldiers in the Civil War- Were not allowed to be officers and received unequal pay- The objective was to restore the union- 200,000 Black soldiers fought 37,000 died- Made up 11% of the union force- Black slaves sought refuge with Union Army“contraband of war”Claudette Colvin –Is a pioneer of the African-American civil rights movement. In 1955, she was the first person arrested forresisting bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, preceding the better known Rosa Parks incident by nine months.Rosa Parks-Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African-American civil rights activist, whom the U.S. Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement"Dred Scott-Was an African-American slave in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857, popularly known as "the Dred Scott Decision."Civil Rights ActThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women.Voting Rights Act – The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of national legislation in the United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S.VietnamRobert WilliamsWas a civil rights leader, the president of the Monroe, North Carolina NAACP chapter in the 1950s and early 1960s, and author. At a time when racial tension was high and official abuses were rampant, Williams was a key figure in promoting armed black self-defense in the United States.Malcolm XHuman rights activist (not civil rights)4 Steps1. Collection of Facts2. Negation 3. Self – Purification4. Direct ActionStereotypes (Mammy etc)Mammy – older, fat, darkJezebel – Loose, immoral, hypersexualSapphire- Mean, sassy, angrySambo – Silly, fool, child likeLexiconReconstruction- After the end of the American Civil War, as part of the on-going process of Reconstruction, the United States Congress passed four statutes known as Reconstruction Acts. Selma – Also known as Bloody Sunday and the two marches that followed, were marches and protests held in 1965, that marked the political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement. All three marches were attempts to march from Selma to Montgomery where the Alabama capitol is located.OAAU- Was a Pan-Africanist organization founded by Malcolm X in 1964. The OAAU was modeled on the Organisation of African Unity, which had impressed Malcolm X during his visit to Africa in April and May 1964. The purpose of the OAAU was to fight for the human rights of African Americans and promote cooperation among Africans and people of African descent in the Americas.Niagara Movement- Was a black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by W. E. B. Du Bois. A meeting of critics of Booker T Washington looking to start and organization that would serve as an alternative to his conciliatory politics. SCLC – Is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The SCLC had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement.Ella Baker- Ella Josephine Baker was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist beginning in the 1930s. She was a behind-the-scenes activist, whose career spanned over five