Text Study Guide Adol F11 L Dickson Don t forget the Key Terms Skip Emerging Adulthood sections Some topics I talked about in class are also covered in the textbook don t neglect to read and understand these sections even if I didn t include them in the text study guide Ch 7 Moral Development How does Bandura explain the relationship between moral thinking and immoral behaviors What was the motivation behind the creation of the Defining Issues Test How does social conventional reasoning differ from moral reasoning What was the main conclusion from the Hartshorne and May research Situation specific behavior According to Erikson why do adolescents often seek out a new ideology what purpose does it serve at this point in their lives How does empathy in adolescents differ from empathy in children What does J Rest mean by moral character and moral motivation Why are the discipline techniques of love withdrawal and power assertion poor techniques for encouraging moral development Recognize examples of the different approaches to moral education in schools What are the two aspects of service learning that research has shown are critical to its effectiveness How have the life goals of young adults in the US changed over the last 40 years Religious affiliation and churchgoing are related to what positive outcomes Why might this be Who joins cults What is a determining factor in being vulnerable to joining a cult Text Study Guide Adol F11 L Dickson Ch 8 Family Processes Understand the differences between the continuity and discontinuity views of relationships Continuity view emphasizes the role that early parent child relationships play in constructing a basic way of relating to people throughout the life span relationship structure carried as a template that are carried forward over time to influence new relationships Discontinuity view emphasizes change and growth in relationships over time each relationship you form is structurally different development across the life span is not solely determined by a critical period during infancy What does it mean for parents to be managers To help adolescents reach their full potential parents can assume an important role as effective managers who find information make contacts help structure choices and provide guidance They are regulators of opportunities for their social contact with peers friends and adults Recognize examples of the 4 parenting styles and know the typical adolescent outcomes of each 1 Authoritarian parenting places firm limits and controls on the adolescent allows little verbal exchange Associated with socially incompetent behavior Follow directions You do it my way or else There will be no discussion 2 Authoritative parenting encourages adolescents to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions Extensive verbal give and take Parents are warm and nurturing towards adolescent Associated with socially competent behavior You know you should not have done that Let s talk about how you can handle the situation better next time 3 Neglectful parenting parent is very uninvolved in adolescent s life Associated with adolescents socially incompetent behavior especially a lack of self control 4 Indulgent parenting parents are highly involved with their adolescents but place few demands or controls on them Parents allow kids to do what they want and the result is that adolescents never learn to control their own behavior and always expect to get their way Associated with social incompetence especially a lack of self control What s so great about authoritative parenting Authoritative parents establish an appropriate balance between control and autonomy giving adolescents opportunities to develop independence while providing the standards limits and guidance that children need They are more likely to allow adolescents to express their views family discussions The warmth Text Study Guide Adol F11 L Dickson and involvement of these type of parents make the adolescent more receptive to parental influence When might authoritative parenting not be the most beneficial In other cultures and families with different socioeconomic status What does attachment style have to do with positive adolescent development Secure attachment to parents in adolescence can facilitate the adolescent s social competence and well being as reflected in such characteristics as self esteem emotional adjustment and physical health Secure attachment linked to less problem behaviors and good peer relations Insecure attachment was related to an increase in externalized behavior and depression What are the short term outcomes associated with the divorce of an adolescent s parents Academic problems externalized problems acting out delinquency internalized problems anxiety depression less socially responsible less competent intimate relationships to drop out of school to become sexually active at an earlier age to take drugs to associate with antisocial peers and have lower self esteem Do most adolescents of divorce have significant adjustment problems no What family processes make a positive difference after divorce When divorced parents have a harmonious relationship and use authoritative parenting the adjustment of adolescents is improved How is adjustment to a new stepfamily related to the age of the child Researchers have found that early adolescence is an especially difficult time for the formation of a stepfamily Does having a mother who works outside the home necessarily mean trouble for an adolescent What s the most important factor Latchkey adolescents can be vulnerable to problems and without limits and parental supervision they can find their way into trouble more easily possibly stealing vandalizing or abusing a sibling Parents need to give special attention to the ways the can monitor their latchkey adolescents lives effectively Why is it difficult to describe the experience of a typical or average adopted adolescent The changes in adoption practice over the last several decades make it difficult to generalize about the average adoptive child or average adoptive parent How do the children of lesbian and gay parents differ from those of heterosexual parents Researchers have found few differences in children and adolescents growing up with gay father and lesbian mothers and in children and adolescents growing up with heterosexual parents Text Study Guide Adol F11 L Dickson Ch 9 Peers and Romantic Relationships How do parents influence the