Midterm Terms Study Sheet Prof Thyret Where Egypt Where Early Lebanon When 1200 700 B C Pharaoh rulers of Egypt God King believed to be divine When Old Kingdom 2700 2200 B C Phoenicians sea people best harbors on the coast very active in trade developed one of the first Alphabets Hoplite Reform peasant soldiers of Greece who wanted a voice in government beginning of Democracy Phalanx organized system of ranks When Archaic Period 750 400B C Hittites group that invaded North Egypt warring society Indo European language When 1500 1200 B C near end of New Kingdom Collasped by Sea people not Phoenicians Eunomia greek word for good order laws developed for the people Minoans group of early Greek people which were named for mythical king Minos Where Crete When 2000 1700 B C Canaanite Culture is the name for the group of Ancient Semitic religion practiced by the Canaanites living in the ancient Levant polytheistic small urban groups Agriculturist society When 3000 B C Common Era Neolithic Revolution birth of agriculture and animal domestication When about 9000 B C Peleset Philistines Iron technology clashed with Hebrews David and Goliath myth Where Modern Day Middle east When 1200 700 B C Hyksos revolutionizes by bringing bronze and chariots gave Egyptians kick to fight back and continue to expand when they won Where invaded from North Egypt When Second Intermediate period 1640 1500 B C Hammurabi developed Hammurabi s Code first law code eye for an eye laws centralized state When 1792 1750 B C Where Mesopotamia Babylon Monotheism belief in one god Henotheism belief in many gods but one god Bal was the most important Aton sun god newer version from Akkhenton who was in charge of the other gods Henotheism Polis city state run like a modern day state Sargon Of Akkad first documented ruler first Akkadian ruler controlled first true empire and standing army Where Mesopotamia Sumer Persian Gulf When 3000 1000 B C Pisistratus tyrant of Athens tried to improve peasants lives Hippias s Father When 600 527 B C When 460 399 B C Hippias was removed for taking away main power away from Aristocrats Spartans aided aristocrats in removal Homer author of the Iliad and the Odyssey one of the first stories that comes out of the Greek Dark Age Iliad Story of the Trojan War and Achilles Odyssey story of Odysseus s journey home When 750 B C Primary Source from the time period whether it be a person or a recorded piece Secondary Source sources that come from historians research such as a thesis or a book published Obsidian a glass like stone used for making tools in the Paleolithic Era 30000 10000 B C Ziggurat a religious temple of Sumerian origin in the form of a pyramidal tower was center of settlements Cuneiform the Latin term for wedge shaped Initially cuneiform writing was pictographic showing pictures of the objects but gradually scribes simplified the system creating stylized symbols called ideograms Paleolithic old stone age Nomadic groups hunting and gathering stone tools cave paintings 30000 10000 B C Babylonian Captivity was the period in during which Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylonia When 597 539 B C When 576 530 B C Cyrus the Great allowed the Jews to return to Judah freeing them from Babylon Fertile Crescent Birth place of Civilization nestled between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers had very fertile land for farming Knossos large palace built by a Cretan ruler had a thousand rooms with pipes that brought drinking water and took away sewage Heiroglyphs Egyptian letters including both ideograms and phonetic signs written with a brush on papyrus sheets or on walls Nefertiti wife and queen of Akhenaten Sea People foreign invaders who drove the Egyptians back to the Nile Valley for a long period of political fragmentation and conquest by outsiders that scholars of Egypt refer to as the Third Intermediate Period 1200 B C Tyranny Rule by one man who took over an existing government generally by using his wealth to gain a political following Corinth was a city state polis on the Isthmus of Corinth the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece roughly halfway between Athens and Sparta Sumerians developed first writing system Helots an enslaved person serf Gilgamesh Epic The Epic of Gilgamesh an epic poem from Mesopotamia is amongst the earliest surviving works of literature Sparta was a prominent city state in ancient Greece situated on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia a society built on fighting Soldiers were trained from the age of 7 Solon an aristocrat and a poet railed against injustices in his poem Tutankamon King Tut was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty ruled ca 1332 BC 1323 BC in the conventional chronology during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom Akkenaton Egyptian pharaoh who focused more on religion and conquest centralized Aton as main god during his reign Hatsheput was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt She is generally regarded by Egyptologists as one of the most successful pharaohs reigning longer than any other woman of an indigenous Egyptian dynasty Daughter of Thutmose I Mesopotamia first real civilization in the Fertile Crescent Troy site of the Trojan War conquered by the Archians which was the band of Greeks fighting under Agamemnon Mycenaeans society built on conquering started war with Troy causing the Trojan War Linear A form of writing used by Cretans 1900 B C not yet deciphered Linear B form of writing that was used by Mycenaeans has been deciphered Cleisthenes was a noble Athenian of the Alcmaeonid family He is credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508 7 BC Minotaur a mythical creature placed in the Labrynith by King Minos who fed it children Theseus defeated the minotaur with help of Minos s daughter Assurbanipal was an Assyrian king the son of Esarhaddon and the last strong king of the Neo Assyrian Empire 934 609 BC 2 He is famed for amassing a significant collection of cuneiform documents for his royal palace at Nineveh When 668 627 B C Deme a subdivision of Attica the region of Greece surrounding Athens Demes as simple subdivisions of land in the countryside seem to have existed in the 6th century BC and earlier but did not acquire particular significance until the reforms of Cleisthenes in 508 BC In those reforms enrollment in the citizen lists of a deme became the requirement for