Intro Range Logic Ethics D D Greatest pupil of Plato Tall in physique and knowledge i ii iii When Plato died academy wasn t left to Aristotle as predicted but Plato s nephew Caused start of his own school Phalicium iv Father of Formal Logic Unchallenged up until 19th century Left no writings of his own Range as thinker is tremendous logic drama art architecture etc 3rd man argument always something lurking behind other 2 items Aristotle v vi vii i ii iii Beliefs All of Plato s dualism rejected by Aristotle Only 1 world material world Only 1 way of learning senses Open eyes lead to truth iv Mind soul integrated with soul Only 1 life Much more holistic view of human nature v Infinite regress rejects vi Move in direction of speculation vii viii Utter empiricist All knowledge comes through senses Doctrine i Holomorphic Composition of Substances Central thought Essence of thing is with the thing Aristotle vs Essence of thing not within the thing Plato Through science and observation is how we arrive at good philosophy Chief task of philosophy is to find the essence of everything Believes in the shape and logic of things Believes form logic of a thing and material of thing matter material of thing are always united Brings Plato s WOF to earth and say essences are forms in things ii 4 causes everything in front of you get a 4 causes 4 explanations Formal Most important question What is it Material the way we get formal What is it a type made of Efficient Final Who produced them What is its purpose Telos Purpose of thing is what it is iii Directed at question of change important for Aristotle s thoughts Thinks off of biological model Telos is to become paradoxically what it is final cause Purpose of human being to be rational to be the real us Good place to start follow Aristotle s philosophy This is what we see in nature Potential to actually become something when we do reach it we have actualized paradox is that we must desire to be what we want to become we already have to be what we want to be in order to become Become what it essentially is Categories Metaphysics of Aristotle iv Ask the right question put in correct category Help explain all relations between things Need to know what it is Answer these questions can you will understand all causal effect on things Substance Quantity Ex What is Socrates A human Ex One human Location where within self or place Ex Socrates in jail Time When Ex In jail after trial Action Ex Socrates drinking hemlock Passion what is being done to it Ex Socrates is being asked questions Posture etc Push pull each other v Golden Mean Virtue is a mean between two extremes Having a good sense of humor 2 extremes of humor Boorish nothing funny Buffoonery everything funny Aristotle believes that everything isn t funny Points in life where it isn t funny Need a balance between two extremes called wit Live a virtuous life and have courage 2 extremes 1 Courage 2 Fear vi vii viii ix x xi xii Depends on the person what may be easy for another may not be easy for you The risk is not taking a risk Should be characterized by rational thought use to find the mean between extremes Ideally the end goal purpose of life is to achieve happiness in a certain way eudemonia translation joy static joy How do you get there The goal in life is not pleasure or happiness paradox of happiness pleasure is the more we try to pursue it the less we re going to achieve it The good life is quiet contemplation and the presence of friendship and virtue Quiet contemplation need time to think and think deeply with own mind just as intellect but in making your life better as a person Keep out noise and chitter chatter trivial tings xiii Friendship 3 types Friendship of Pleasure nature of friendship is pleasure Self gratification Not the highest type of love Form easy dissolve quickly a Ex one night stand No longer pleasing because no fun Friendship of Utility nature of friendship is usefulness If your useful to me and vice versa then we ll be friends Serves individual purpose Forms easily but can dissolve quickly readily a Ex Business relationships Aren t bad needed for society Love shared is love for self and love for self for other person self oriented love Friendship of Virtue nature of friendship is love for each other Love for each other even when not pleasing Aristotle says what you want in life Unconditional live Gap love selfless love Doesn t get rid of Eros erotic love or F O Utility Have a handful of these types in a lifetime is rare but once formed very strong Once achieved may be living good life Measure you worth and stick with you You will never live a good life if the people around you do not appreciate the excellence that is your worth