NAME printed please BSCI 440 Fall 2012 William J Higgins Examination II Section DIRECTIONS 1 Please please please PRINT 2 You must use a pen if you wish the right to a re grade request and you absolutely Please please please PRINT your name on each and every page of this exam NOW must confine your answers to the spaces provided We will can not hunt for random scribblings 3 You may leave when you have completed the exam Place your examination in the appropriate envelope at the front of the room Question Question Higgins Points 20 Your Score Higgins Points 15 Your Score 1 2 3 4 5 20 24 15 24 6 7 8 9 25 37 20 TOTAL 200 Draw and label the complete signal transduction pathway following the activation of the 1 cholinergic receptor on the cells of the SA Node of the heart 1 NAME printed please DRAW the arterial blood pressure tracing that would result after an i v injection of the 2 following signal molecules or drugs or after stimulation of the indicated nerve Do not consider or include any homeostatic corrective responses The agents are added at the arrow a Nicotine low dose b Propranolol c Histamine Stiimulation of efferent Vagus d 3 Now predict the actions of the following agents on the usual cardiovascular parameters with I D or NoD AGENT HR 1 agonist I 2 agonist NC SV I I TPR NC D CO I I DP I D PP I I antagonist NE antagonist ACh NC D I D I D D I D D D I 4 This agent increases HR VR and PP but does not change TPR It is B1 agonist 2 NAME printed please This agent does not change HR but decreases TPR SV and DP It is Hist This agent increases TPR and DP but does not change HR It is a1 agonist 5 How about a few graphs Diastolic Blood Pressure Renal Artery Diameter VR Arterial Compliance Atrial EDV MAP mm Hg 40 60 80 100 Plasma PO2 mm Hg Blood Volume MAP mm Hg Efferent Vagal Nerve Activity 3 NAME printed please Ventricular EDV Action Potential Frequency On Carotid Sinus Afferent Neuron Blood Flow in Arteriole Interstitial Fluid Volume 6 You Arteriole Radius have a subject suffering hemophilia In and Protein PLASMA from ONLY in the space below describe the procedure s for determining whether the defect is in the Intrinsic or Extrinsic mechanisms or if the defect lies in a subsequent downstream part of the pathway following axes draw the Aortic P curve for one cardiac cycle with a DP 70mm Hg and a Pulse Pressure 40 mm Hg 7 On the complete Aortic Pressure mm Hg 150 130 110 90 70 4 Time NAME printed please Now label the x axis with the following letters at the correct location according to your aortic pressure graph Aortic valve opens A Beginning of atrial diastole F First Heart Sound B Beginning of ventricular diastole G P wave of ECG C Ventricular L channels first open H QRS complex of ECG D Greatest Ventricular GNa I T wave of ECG E Atrial T channels first OPEN J 8 Explain how the complete sequence of events the initiation of light exercise results in a change in your cardiovascular parameters Include HR TPR DP and PP When you start light exercise you increase metabolism in your cells This causes an increase in lactic acid production and acid production This decreases the pH of your blood As lactic acid builds up it causes an increase in the amount of CO2 in the blood which can diffuse through the BBB and into the CSF In the CSF the CO2 decreases the pH and is sensed by chemoreceptors in the medulla which sends signals to the NTS telling the body to decrease parasympathetic activity and increase sympathetic activity resulting in a sympathetic response The sympathetic response causes an increase in heart rate and strength of contraction This causes an increase in CO In addition TPR will initially increase because of alpha 1 s in order to increase flow to 5 NAME printed please distant parts of the bodies These events will raise both the diastolic pressure and pulse pressure If you are in shape your body will decrease TPR during light excersise to allow more blood flow to skeletal muscles because the heart is strong enough to increase the flow without increasing resistance 6 9 Let us finish with a few favorite Increase Decrease or No NAME printed please a b c d e f g h i j k l n o p q r s As active Factor X increases plasma prothrombin As i v saline isotonic NaCl infusion continues capillary reabsorption As plasma albumin decreases interstitial fluid volume As plasma histamine increases plasma volume As plasma Epi increases ventricular sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase activity As ventricular cell cyclic AMP increases ventricular plasma membrane Ca conductance During light exercise in a healthy individual TPR As plasma renin increases renal Na reabsorption As MAP decreases below normal vagal efferent nerve activity As plasma ADH increases blood volume As plasma ANP increases plasma K As Atrial ESV increases urine Na m As MAP increases above normal for a prolonged period of time plasma ADH As renal blood flow decreases below normal urine K As liver function decreases plasma free bilirubin As a human subject ages the change in aortic volume resulting from an increase in aortic blood pressure As the concentration of an agonist increases a subject s SV will IMMEDIATELY As kidney cell P of O2 increases intracellular kidney cell transcription factors for EPO As renal blood flow decreases hematocrit 7 a D b D c I d D e I f I g D h I i D j I k I l I m D n I o I p D q D r D s I t As an individual s fitness level decreases the change in CO due to an increased HR t D NAME printed please 8