The Scientific ApproachEvaluative (normative questions): Should political systems have more than 2 parties?Descriptive questions: How many parties are there in the US?Explanatory questions: What factors influence the number of political parties?- in science, claims must be falsifiable, testable, hypothesis can be made, tested, and evaluatedArgument- logically connected statementsPremise- statement presumed to be true within the context of an argumentConclusion- a claim thought to be supported by premisesValid Argument- if you accept premises, compelled to accept conclusionCategorical syllogism: consists of a major premise—if P (antecedent), then Q (conse-quent)—and minor premise (claim about P or Q of major premise)6 types of political structures: - political parties- interest groups- legislatures- executives- bureaucracies- courtsFunctions (activities necessary for policy to be made and implemented) of Political Structures: - Interest Articulation (expressing needs/demands)- Interest Aggregation (combining demands into policy proposals)- Policymaking (deciding which proposals become authoritative rules)- Policy Implementation (enforcing the policies)- Policy Adjudication (settling disputes about policy
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