empowerment giving employees authority responsibility to make decisions without managerial approval Chapter 10 Improving Performance Empowering Employees o keep them informed o give them broad authority Linking Rewards to Company Performance Teams employee stock ownership plans gives employees ownership stakes in their companies stock options rights to buy a specified amount of company stock at a given price within a given time period team group of employees committed to common goal o work team permanent group that works together to perform day to day work o problem solving team temporary group that solves a specific problem and the disbands o o cross functional team made up of members from different functions departments o virtual team group of dispersed coworkers who use technology to accomplish a task self managed team work team that has authority to decide how its members complete their daily tasks Team Characteristics Team Size Team Level and Diversity small teams tend to get along better favor informal interaction large teams may work slower and group feels less committed team level average level of ability experience personality or any other factor on a team team diversity differences in ability experience personality or other factor on a team Stages of Team Development forming team members get to know each other and find out what other behaviors are acceptable to the group 1 2 storming personalities begin to emerge conflicts may arise leader must encourage participation 3 norming members resolve differences among them accept each other 4 performing focus on solving problems and accomplishing tasks 5 adjourning team disbands after members have completed their assigned task Team Cohesiveness and Norms Team Conflict team cohesiveness extent to which team members feel attracted to the team and motivated to reaming part of it team norm informal standard of conduct shared by team members that guides their behavior conflict antagonistic interaction in which one partly attempts to thwart the intentions of another cognitive conflict focuses on problem related differences of opinion affective conflict emotional reactions that occur when disagreements become personal Importance of Effective Communication Process of Communication communication meaningful exchange of info thru messages audience consists of the people who receive the message feedback from the audience helps the sender determine whether the audience correctly interpreted the message low context cultures tends to rely on explicit written and verbal messages high context cultures depend on message and conditions that surround it noise is some interference that influences transmission of messages and feedback poor reception people s attitudes Basic Forms of Communication oral communication communication transmitted thru speech conversation speech meeting phone listening interpreting the meaning of a message cynical listening receiver feels that sender is trying to gain advantage o o o o offensive listening receiver tries to catch speaker in a contradiction o polite listening receiver listens to be polite o active listening being involved and empathetic written communication communication thru writing o letters memos e mail formal communication communication transmitted thru chain of command o memos reports proposals presentations o formal communication channel carries messages down command structure Informal communication transmitted outside formal channels without regard for organization s hierarchy of authority o grapevine internal info channel that transmits info from unofficial sources nonverbal communication transmitted thru actions behaviors o gestures body language facial expressions External Communication Crisis Management external communication meaningful exchange of info thru messages transmitted between organization and major audiences top management must be in front of press When a crisis occurs 1 companies must respond quickly 2 3 stick to the facts 4 5 never say no comment 6 identify your audience 7 acknowledge problems and solutions if you don t know find out
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