LECTURE impressionism and post impressionism neoclassical styles to the end the french academy goes on to 1906 but it does not really change holding on to the romantic and it holds on to conservative ideas its becoming a formula thats not changing formulae approach to exoticism still painting middle eastern scenes and harem scenes this is the fixation of orientalism middle eastern realism 1848 1870s GUSTAVE COURBET the unofficial leader of realism only paints what he sees would not paint fairytales and mythological things the stone breakers 1849 one s too young one s too old for this kind of work people and society were critical of this burial at ornans 1849 this was also controversial object of attention is missing in this painting EDOUARD MANET le dejeuner sur i herbe most important painting of this time unacceptable to the academy mainly because of subject matter the color patching is also unacceptable public though it wasn t a finish work painted crudely on purpose because he didn t want to compete with photography he said he was flattering older paintings rescuing painting from competing with photography from this point on this is the loss of interest of copying photography america has realists too THOMAS EAKINS a student of the academy painter jerome in paris but a realist back in the u s lost his teaching job in philly more than once for demanding that his female students study from a live nude model alongside his male students the gross clinic 1875 it shows an actual operation taking place great document of medical records during this time not wearing any sort of sterile protection uses caravaggio s light and dark to emphasize so graphic and explicit that they couldn t show people they had to hide it didn t put it in the lecture hall riverhole painting used photography as a tool to better his painting didn t see it as a threat impressionism 1874 1886 a loose band of artists who exhibited together for only twelve years leader of the group claude monet the anonymous society exhibition of 1874 seen by only about 35000 people opened a few days before the salon which drew the usual 400 000 or so visitors the satirical critic louis leroy coined the term impressionists based on monet s painting impressionists ethics paint en plein air banish the color black from your palette and use the bright new colors these colors are now available in paint tubes depict the modern subject matter that had interested the realists never submit your work to the salon they were independent but they did not have success at first the americans and english had more impressionists than french three qualities 1 impressionist composition seems accidental unposed ex ballet rehearsal by edgar degas in 1874 2 impressionst technique involves sketchy rapidly applied brushwork ex le moulin de la galette 3 impressionist subject matter is ordinary every day ex paris a rainy day by gustave c CLAUDE MONET impression sunrise look unfinished to people before him to impressionists its done saint lazare train station 1877 everyday ordinary first artists to be able to use trains and such CAMILLE PISSARRO la place du theatre fran ais 1898 spontaneous surprising influence is photography photography and the ability to take a snapshot deeply influenced impressionists EDGAR DEGAS ballet rehearsal 1874 figures have sort of hard line influenced by japan print making distinct style of representing figure in hard outlines and renderings of figures japonisme is affected by this japonisme becomes an obsession among europeans the tub 1886 idea of showing ordinary moment comes from idea show in japanese prints PIERRE AUGUSTE RENOIR paintings are all about joy and life celebrations almost all of paintings are about young good looking people of leisure japonisme the french fascination with all things japanese MANET becomes impressionist bar at the folies bergere 1882 comments about what he paints still popular dance hall in paris there is a marble bar and bar maid behind her is a mirror reflecting what is behind you you can see what performance is if you look close enough can see a pair of legs on a trapeze she appears unhappy and bored we still encounter this all the time painting is one of the first to explore what artists explore from now on modern alienation its not just her boredom there is a connection with her and the audience MARY CASSAT an american expatriate expatriate someone who lives abroad ofttimes for the rest of their life exhibited with the impressionists in the 1880s has shown women experience life very differently from men in all of her paintings with women there is a man in attendance a lot of her paintings are about being in the home maternity is an enormous segment within her work beautifully and sensitively painted the bath 1892 heavily uses japonisme in this work HENRY OSSAWA TANNER a student of thomas eakins in philadelphia he and edmonia lewis are the first african americans to gain fame here and abroad more so abroad tanner spent most of his life after 1879 in paris expatriate the banjo lesson 1893 his world that he is showing the thankful poor 1894 portrays them with very much dignity not stereotypical at all sand dunes at sunset first african american work to be hung in white house seurat and cezanne post impressionists of 1880 1906 lead to abstraction SUERAT people in the park women s body shapes are repeated they pull you throughout composition forms are simplified to cylinders and egg shapes use of color is very deliberate red next to green blue next to yellow CEZANNE the basket of apples 1890 1895 patches of color create the objects he is not looking at things from one single view point looking at everything at different angles and lets them coexist harmonizes different angles with the form of the canvas van gogh and gauguin post impressionists of 1880 1906 lead to expressionism VAN GOGH felt he could communicate soul to soul you could feel what painting is saying just from color premise of expressionism night cafe 1888 he meant this painting to be a scene of despair GAUGUIN great interest in non western cultures the vision after the sermon lets color be something about feeling rather than portraying the actual world color is liberated from being representational non local color not optically correct color not what a photograph would record this was a huge influence of 1900s artists EDVARD MUNCH street oslo also does this DISCUSSION industrial revolution 1759 1859 textiles steam power iron second