neoclassicism 1750 1850 johann joachim winkelmann LECTURE by romans style first individual to realize that classicism was made by greeks and adopted argued that rococo was decadent immoral and culture was decaying the only way for society to improve itself is to model itself after classical rediscovery of pompeii city was buried and forgotten 1739 hit something in his yard and dug to find some of the city everything was preserved THOMAS JEFFERSON rotunda and lawn 1819 1826 university of virginia charlottesville virginia he has embraced the style too predicates building on classical models very close to the pantheon in rome JAQUES LOUIS DAVID the premier painter of the neo period four attempts to win the prix de rome before succeeding in 1774 at age 26 this changes his career oath of the horatii 1784 symbol of the french revolution if the sons will fight to the death for rome the french thought they could fight against their aris it was a call to overthrow their monarchy leading to french revolution painting about a call to duty and sacrifice to death opposite of the swing hard and firm not painterly commissioned by thought it would send the right message to his people but it backfired napoleonic neoclassicism empire style painting of napoleon has the trappings of power informal connection between him and audience standing up to greet you charts and maps working for the french nation sword is symbolic of protecting france candles are burnt down and its 4 15 shows he is tirelessly working for you triumph of the will to better life napoleon crossing the st bernard pass neoclassical enlightenment faith in reason the superiority of the intellect over the emotions JOSEPH WRIGHT OF DERBY philosopher lecturing at an orrery 1763 1765 new rational understanding of the universe scientific discovery the indian widow 1760 is romantic like naturla emotion ANTONIO CANOVA napoleon as mars the peacemaker 1803 1809 mars was the god of war completely naked was ok pauline borghese as venus 1808 let herself be portrayed as naked venus classical diety HORATIO GREENOUGH george washington 1840 portrayed george washington as zeus commissioned by the government after he died made of marble even this classical style reached america EDMONIA LEWIS forever free 1867 past the cutoff date but still neoclassicist woman sculptor one of the most interesting artists of the 1800s daughter of african america father and native american mother mixed heritage so art is reflected of both went to first college that allowed women oberlin college senior year roommate was murdered and she was blamed found innocent and judge saw sculpture and said she needed to finish school in east then she went to europe where most of her work was done this sculpture is a couple that refers to freeing of black slaves romanticism 1750 1850 anti neoclassicism a belief in completely unrestricted emotions imagination is favored over rational thought and sobriety the sublime that which is beyond human comprehension something that cannot be measured rationally develop fascination with mysterious neoclassical logical stoic cities as perfection nature controlled greece and rome flat paint surface romantic spiritual unrestrained emotion countryside as perfection nature uncontrolled medieval exotic tales and settings painterly and impasto polarity is still in culture today BENJAMIN WEST death of general wolfe 1771 romantic and neoclassical painting about the battle of quebec 1759 historical battle artwork that is actual event of its time city is burning in distance quebec battle between the french and the english english defeated french so it is still their territory the general died of wounds he got on the battlefield everyone is looking at him lighting on him is heavenly like christ taken down from cross by these things you can tell he is a great man indian is distinctly shown the nobel savage he has not been brought up with education he is closer to humanity in its original innocence like garden of eden we are all born good but its society that teaches us to be corrupt jean jacques rousseau had the idea of this fascinated with mankind s original being the romantic movement is fascinated with the unknown mysterious exotic J A D INGRES grande odalisque 1814 romantic painting romantic because she is an oda a servant in a turkish harem middle eastern objects world forbidden to westernize western man could never see this place exoticism EUGENE DELACROIX tiger hunt 1854 raw nature becomes a dominant subject in romantic work arab horsemen in the wilderness encounter tigers what happens at the end is unknown we feed upon the dead or when we are dead things feed upon us comes down to raw essence romantic obsession with exoticism and wild untamed nature HENRY FUSELI the nightmare 1781 detroit institute of art has this painting woman is slipping on couch and creature is suffocating her horse head in background with ghostly eyes demon is what is on her chest from folklore he is an incubus romantic obsession with the occult the supernatural the irrational doesn t make rational sense but we do have nightmares sigmund freud had a print of this painting in his office studied psychology FRANCISCO GOYA the first modern artist a keen awareness the thte french enlightenment that french philosophers had proposed was not realized in goya s own spain still in a corrupt monarchy studied velazquez self portrait 1790 1795 the straw manikin 1791 1792 rococo like a still mysterious illness left goya completely deaf at the age of 46 changed how he portrayed the world los caprichos 1799 aka the caprices or the different foolish things that people do his first completely independent effort goya withdrew them from sale before they were ever released only a special letter from the king helped goya escape the spanish inquisition series of etchings aquatint etching another way to make an intaglio print a powdered rosin is applied to the plate acid bites the plate in the millions of spaces between the many grains of the rosin can create different densities in tones can see tones of gray the sleep of reason produces monsters most important plate in the series cynical statement here creatures of the night appointed the spanish royal painter to the court at madrid in 1799 he received a high salary and at first hoped the new king would bring enlightenment ideas in effect in spain but hope turned into bitter cynicism king charles IV first cousin of his wife maria luisa passionate about