LECTURE northern renaissance germany 1500 1600 HIERONUMUS BOSCH garden of earthly delights 1505 1510 closed triptych shows the spare of the world figure up top is god monochromatic colors sources open left panel flemish proverbs bestiaries atlas of animals around world but also unicorns and such dream books alchemy a mystical science of transformation lead translation to gold blaze of colors figures are populating the world torment of hell scene on far right not sure what it means not for church secular audience god adam eve in garden of eden with also a lot of weird animals landscape becomes alive with face lizards and reptiles look demonic well looks like a crab of some sort mountains have piercing form birds create a smoky look and transform to doves egg is symbol of transformation in alchemy owl in middle of fountain symbols of darkness and evil seems to be about how humanity populated the world black figure is being shown around bird is a symbol all throughout central panel sexual intercourse sexual intercourse going on around everywhere everyone is eating fruit some are inside sex and fruit are pleasurable central panel men on cattle trying to lure women out of the pond in middle landscape in back is odd right panel scene of torment and not pleasure extreme hot and cold oblique dark landscape egg man very scary and odd bird man is ingesting souls and excreting them into the cesspool all an influence for the surrealists DISCUSSION germany ALBRECHT DURER most important artist in germany at this time the leonardo of the north proficient in painting printmaking mathematics human proportions perspective he traveled all over europe including two important trips to italy in 1495 and 1505 this affected his style greatly because this was the art capital became extremely wealthy and famous from the sale of his popular prints etc self portrait 1500 oil painting reminds you of jesus this is how he has depicted himself this is similar to european depictions of jesus reflects his studies in italy he studied a lot of humanism while in italy this relates to renaissance humanism the natural world as a metaphor for the spiritual the more you observe nature the closer you are to god artists observed nature the closest like scientists artists move from craftsmen to intellectuals the gifted genius he is asserting that artists have god given powered of creation as they faithfully replicate the natural world that god has created shows he is similar to god in a way a child prodigy at age 13 this was before he completed any artistic training drew a picture of is father and a self portrait plein air painting open air painting when an artist paints an outdoor scene on site based on observation rather than in a studio based on imagination was one of the first artists to do this leonardo did this in his notebooks with drawing did this in watercolor watercolor pigment and gum arabig the sap of the acacia tree gum arabic dries into solid cube that can be softened with water very transportable was one of the first artist to use this depicts cock s foot creeping bent smooth meadow grass daisy dandelion gerrymander speedwell greater plantain hound s tongue and yarrow great piece of turf 1503 shows growth and roots like leonardo did in his plant of bethlehem sumatran rhinoceras 1515 woodcut had never seen a rhino but other people had incredibly accurate for basing it only on descriptions of other people his wife agnes in thought self portrait suffering from a headache these anticipate modern observations into the human psyche not just the physical appear wants to capture some essence of human fault and such he also recorded his dreams as surrealists did centuries later there is a watercolor of his dream he painted and wrote of it beneath in 1525 studies subconscious and human psychology durer s apocalypse made him extremely famous 15 finely carved woodcuts was about the end of the world the four horsemen of the apocalypse is from the apocalypse apocalypse fever at this time sold these all over europe and became extremely famous and wealthy for this the 4 last things used on the book of revelations symbols of 4 horsemen disease shown with arrows war wielding a sword famine empty scales death very thin wielding a scythe tool used for harvesting fall of man adam and eve 1504 engraving time of right after his first trip and going for a second time can see antiquity coming into work adam and eve are based on ancient scupltures like apollo belvedere and the medici venus durer is the first northern artist to adopt the classical style revived by the italians a blend of classical style of medieval beliefs the four humors a theory that held that the human body is filled with these four fluids sickness disease and personality types four temperaments were believed to have resulted form an imbalance of these fluids adam and eve had perfect balance yellow bile fire black bile earth phlegm water blood air sanguine person has too much blood lust lechery optimism choleric has too much yellow bile temper impatience pride melancholic with too much black bile bitterness despair greed phlegmatic with too much phlegm laziness sluggishness apathy sanguine rabbit lusty phlegmatic ox lazy melancholic elk alone in the woods choleric cat twitching tail about to pounce on mouse the netherlands JAN GOSSAERT neptune and amphitrite 1516 influenced by durer went to italy as well roman human figures that are nude or almost nude a century earlier van eyck was fully dressing his clothes he is so influenced by the classical style that he and other italian influenced this time are known as romanists flemish artists of basically trying to copy this style again have tiny heads like durer ABRAHAM BLOEMAERT niobe weeping for her children 1591 many of these flemish romanists are deeply influenced by the mannerists they encountered in italy PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER his work looks like durer and gossaert also traveled to italy for two years there s a folksy style to it the harvesters 1560 there is no religious or mythological things peasants working in fields down to earth sort of art nothing like the merode altarpiece even though he went to italy he didn t incorporate much into his work depicted everyday scenes of everyday people genre scenes this becomes famous during this time wanted to stick with flemish style never really interested in classical idealism or mannerist extravagance in his art still has charm hunters in the snow 1565 the peasants