LECTURE northern renaissance 1400 1600 duke of burgundy is one of richest men in this area art follows money when money flows art is involved focus is tuscany and sienna SIMONE MARTINI annunciation 1333 notable for its very lavish style use of gold is very costly involves time consuming techniques shows luxury avignon city in holy roman empire served as the seat for the papacy martini did work here his work in avignon influenced places like vienna paris etc english court wilton diptych late 1300s spanish court cologne court international gothic style of the royal courts late 1300s to early 1400s MELCHOIR BROEDERLAM champmol retable made for philip the bold duke of burgundy for his tomb chapel flanders antwerp ghent bruges cities where people have made their own wealth by studying some sort of trade or business ROBERT CAMPIN merode altarpiece 1425 1428 in nyc and one of the greatest renaissance pieces in comparison with champmol retable it is obvious its not meant for a lavish use of perspective is also stronger there are also more natural neutral colors this piece is for someone who is comfortably well off middle class production this shows the development of art that can be used by middle class it is a triptych donors or patrons are displayed within work of art this is common during this palace time in this case the donors or patrons are looking through a door to see what seems annunciation set in a flemish household dog the 1400s to be an like their religious stories set in their sort of world middle class as you look further into it you can see incredible amount of detail ex wrinkles in face people standing in doorways far away nails in door these details are allowed because of oil medium flemish painters pioneered the use of oil medium everything is painted as though its an ordinary object but its symbolic of iconography symbolism is used to elaborate on the subject matter ex hortus conclusus closed off garden symbolizes mary s virginity wall saw their world as a world of symbols joseph is shown to be very old and working as a carpenter in the background of this panel you can see great detail of flemish city on his table you can see a mousetrap mousetrap is symbolic of her womb as well that has trapped anything that is these are examples of disguised symbolism on the table between gabriel and mary there is a lily that symbolizes mary s something else womb unwanted purity mary comes from house of david which is symbolized by the lions on the bench the messiah will be born by a vessel pure and clean clean vessel in back through circular window is a small christ child that is flying through window to mary s ear he has passed through glass without breaking it mary s head is bare and uncovered which is unusual headdresses were thought to be form of contraception super natural light of gabriel is given off within the room JAN VAN EYCK man in a red turban 1433 possibly a self portrait greatest artist of his time greatest practitioner of oil medium when italians saw his paintings they considered him to practice black magic no earlier portrait has looked this way eyes look like they follow you that s why italians thought this amount of detail is amazing for how small it is ex stubble on chin crows feet around eyes red veins in eyes giovanni anolini and his bride 1434 so much symbolism dog is not reflected in mirror panels on floors window panes bed table are shown in perspective although this is is the case they all lead to different spaces so no one point perspective understand in northern renaissance there is no one point perspective which shows not fully italian artists use one point perspective long before northern artists do is this from ignorance of the invention of it in florence in he 1420s or do flemish renaissance have different agendas flemings don t use perspectives italians do ghent altarpiece 1432 most well known piece must have taken at least five years undergoing massive restoration for the reconstruction of the frame closed version donors are present on bottom of panel man who paid for it far left his wife far right he has every wrinkle and mole and wife is same nothing done to idealize them grisaille one color sculptures shown between them four panels in middle want to still show that it is contiguous can see this with windows ceiling and floor it looks like the frame itself is casting shadows on the floor city of ghent shown in background gabriel is holding white lilies words say will you bare the son of god mary is responding her response is written upside down this is done so god can look down upon it and read it rarely opened up opened version shows humanity s redemption adam and eve are in top right and left corners angels are singing so much detail in jewels glazing process that van eyck used about eight layers of paint deep very lifelike central portion shows god above jerusalem this is god of all the most good is written above his head van eyck has painted a reflection of himself in one of the pearls city of jerusalem shows sacrifice of christ lamb in center top left corner shows very detailed building and bushes with leaves and roses ROGIER VAN DER WEYDEN takes over when van eyck passes away escorial deposition 1435 uses emotion unlike van eyck christ being taken down from the cross mary is passing out from seeing her dead son creates harmony within composition movement of figures behind show decent horizontal line seems to push everything down outermost figures are curved in mary s posture is exactly the same as christ s detail within tears DIERIC BOUTS torment of the damned extremely detailed triptych of the last supper 1464 1468 land mark in northern renaissance art christ is the single focal point he is the vanishing point first artist to use one point perspective in north HUGO VAN DER GOES portinari altarpiece central panel adoration of the shepherds 1476 oil painting flowers are symbolic of mary s passion glowing baby st birgitta bridget of sweden pilgrimage to holy land 1373 revelationes coelestes she had visions he influenced italians to adopt oil DISCUSSION focus is on flanders run by the duke of burgundy time of more naturalistic art the gothic style takes a long time to change into the renaissance in northern europe gothic late 12 c to 14 c gothic cathedral is very decorative in its architecture each area in europe has its on take on gothic style for example cologne cathedral in germany differed but still was similar secular buildings the town