12050 Exam 3 Review Sheet 1 Group Dynamics goes along with Turner Chapter 11 Collins Chapter 3 What is social influence One person s behavior causes another person to change their behavior or actions What is informational influence A person believes what another is claiming What is normative influence A person pretends to believe with the other is claiming In his classic study of normative social influence what did Solomon Asch find When in a group people tend to go along with the group s answer even if it is obviously wrong 37 of the time What is obedience The action of complying to authority For the slide entitled Stanley Milgram s Infamous Experiments know the results from the survey that Milgram administered and know the results from his baseline experiment Voltage experiment protestors by 135 volts no obedience 300 volts 1 1000 would reach 450 volts 65 actually reached MAX voltage of 450 volts In terms of the Factors Affecting Obedience Rates slide which factor produced the highest obedience When the subject is a bi standard 68 75 Which two factors produced the lowest obedience rates When the learner demands to be shocked contradictory commands 0 In Sheridan and King s 1972 puppy study what were their results for men and women Women were more likely to shock the puppy submitted to authority With reference to the Primetime investigation video that we watched in class what do the results tell us about obedience in the United States today Majority of people obey upon just authority Also see the slide entitled Milgram s Obedience Experiment Today People have a high tendency to obey regardless of the consequences According to Collins in his chapter on Paradoxes of Power what would you say is the most effective way to get someone to do something Is giving them money effective Is force effective Neither are effective Creating commitment and solidarity to the group is vital Class Stratification goes along with Turner Chapter 14 When does stratification occur exist When levels of a categoric unit are defined by varying shares of valued resources What four factors determine the degree of class stratification 1 How unequally resources are distributed 2 How recognizable social classes are 3 How much mobility occurs between classes 4 How permanent the classes are Which type of class system open or caste is less stratified Open class system Understand the main points of Karl Marx s analysis of stratification Stratification class conflict Owners vs workers Conflict perspective Understand the main points of Max Weber s analysis of stratification Class Status and Party Complex dimensions are independent Understand the functionalist view of stratification including the Davis Moore Hypothesis and criticisms of it Integrating force Criticisms Justifies extensive inequality Ignores means of gaining resources that have nothing to do with importance and difficulty Understand Bourdieu s analysis of classes and class factions including his point that members of different factions often have more in common with each other than with other members of their own class 3 levels based on access to valued resources Dominant middle and lower 3 factions within each class Dominant Intermediate and Dominated Know the reasons for chronic poverty in the U S including the 4 hurdles that block opportunities 1 How unequally are resources distributed quite unequally 2 How distinctive are the classes fuzzy 3 How much mobility occurs between the classes not very much 4 How permanent are classes unstable Gender Stratification goes along with Turner Chapter 16 Understand the four points describing sexual differentiation When does gender stratification occur When members of one gender category consistently receive more valued resources than members of another Understand the four explanations for gender stratification including any criticisms 1 1 Sociobiological theories Natural selection favored behaviors and social structures that best allowed parents and their offspring to survive and pass on genes Criticism does not explain how people over time elaborate 2 Functional Theories division of labor was more likely than any other to efficiently meet the survival needs of early human Criticism If women s roles are so functionally important why do they command less prestige power and wealth 3 Conflict Theories Between the roles of men women 4 Interactionist Theories through socialization gender is learned and perpetuated over time A sex based Ethnic Stratification goes along with Turner Chapter 15 Understand the following terms Race ethnicity xenophobia ethnic stratification prejudice and discrimination Race A subspecies with distinct characteristics usually those behavioral sub cultural and brought about by geographical isolation Ethnicity organizational differences that allow us to categorize members of a population as distinct Xenophobia Fear of that which is merely different from oneself Ethnic stratification cyclically feed one another and intensify the process becomes more emotionally charged Prejudice beliefs about the undesirable qualities of other people esp in ethnic groups Discrimination The different treatment of people in a negative way esp within different genders and or ethnicity Understand the insights from Edward Tylor are pioneering work Are sub cultural traits learned or biological Learned According to Turner when does ethnic differentiation generate xenophobia When an ethnic group presents some type of threat to another Understand the results from Rogers and Prentice Dunn s experiment on race insult and aggression People tend to favor their own race gender Religion goes along with Turner Chapter 20 Collins Chapter 2 What are the two basic functions of religion 1 To assure that norms are obeyed 2 To reduce anxiety and deviant behavior What are the basic elements of all religions Profane The everyday world that we directly experience Sacred The realm where supernatural things are thought to exist and operate Understand Durkheim s Weber s and Marx s perspectives on religion What do Weber and Durkheim agree about Durkheim as society changes religion change Weber As religion changes society change Marx all aspects of social life including religion are directly determined by the productive arrangements of a society Weber and Durkheim agreed that different types of societies go with different types of gods religions How does Turner explain the rise of Evangelicalism in America People wanted a more conservative
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