UO PSY 201 - Lectures 1-2
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Lectures 1-2An experimental psychologist (following the tradition of Wilhelm Wundt) measures response times for three different conditions, each involvingpresentation of a word: (1) Respond to any word as soon as it appears on the screen, (2) Judge whether or not the word is in lower-case or upper-case letters, (3) Judge whether or not the word describes a living or a non-living object. Which one of the following statements is correct?a. By subtracting the response time for condition 1 from that forcondition 2 we obtain the time it takes to make anelementary decisionabout a perceptual aspect of the stimulus.b. By subtracting the sum of the response time forconditions 1 and 2 from that for condition 3, we obtain the time it takes to access the meaning of the word.c. By subtracting the response time for condition 2from that for condition 3 we obtain the time it takes to access the meaning of the word.d. Both a and c.e. Both a and b.Which statements are closer to a empiricist/structuralist/associationist tradition? Which statements are closer to amentalist/nativist tradition?Our visual system first analyzes differentdimensions (colors, shapes, textures, spatiallayout) independently and only in later stages theinformation is combined.Empiricist - AMentalist - BBoys are born with a preference for toy cars, girlswith a preference for dolls.Empiricist - AMentalist - BAll learning can be explained by the mind’s abilityto link a behavioral response to an environmentalstimulus.Empiricist - AMentalist - BAll languages of the world follow a set of common,universal rules.Empiricist - AMentalist – BA common characteristic of structuralism/empiricism andbehaviorism is:a. that proponents of both traditions believed in inborn mentalstructures.b. that proponents of both traditions endorsed introspectionism asa scientific method.c. that in both approaches mental life is explainedin terms ofelementary components and associations between them.d. There is no common characteristic.Which of the following would contemporary psychologists be mostlikely to choose as the main limitation of introspection as a datacollectiontechnique?a. It’s data are not available to anyone but the individualproducing the data.b. It requires enormous skill and only few people master it.c. It’s data pertain to mental constructs and not tobehavior.d. It is a very tedious way of obtaining data.Suppose you believe that the greater the amount of money auniversity spends on their football team, the greater the successof their team and you further believe that this relationship isquite strong. Which of the following correlations would bestsupport your hypothesis?A. -.75B. -.90C. .75D. 1.05E. .25A researcher finds that the more teenagers play violent video games,the more likely it is that they will engage in violent, criminal behavior.She suggests, as one possible reason for this relationship, thatteenagers may differ in terms of an underlying "aggressiveness" traitwhich influences both their selection of leisure activities and theirsocial behavior. What type of explanation of the relationship betweenvideo game selection and criminal behavior is this?A. A third-variable explanation.B. This is no explanation at all.C. A causal explanation.D. A descriptive explanation.Think back to the Wundt-type response-time experiment to determinethe time it takes to make an elementary decision. Subjects wouldeither respond as fast as possible to any signal or they would responddifferently on the basis of the stimulus color. Whatis here theindependent variable and what is the dependent variable?A) The color is the dependent variable and the response time is theindependent variable.B) The response time is the dependent variable and the color is theindependent variable.C) Whether subjects have to respond to any signalor discriminatethe color is the independent variable and the response time is thedependent variable.D) Whether subjects have to respond to any signalor discriminatethe color is the dependent variable and the response time is theindependent variable.Lectures 3-4The central nervous system consists of theA. brain, spinal cordB. brain, peripheral nervous systemC. sympathetic, parasympathetic systemD. left, right cortical hemisphereNeurons that are confined to the central nervous system are calledA. motor neurons.B. interneurons.C. sensory neurons.D. nerves.You accidentally dip your hand into hot water and later realize that you jerked your hand out of the water before you felt pain. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?A) Motor neurons operate more quickly than sensory neurons.B) The hand contains many more motor neurons than sensory neurons.C) The spinal cord can control some behavior without brain input.D) Pain sensation tends to be suppressed in the brain.Under conditions of stress, which of the following prepares thebody for possible "fight or flight"?A) skeletal motor systemB) spinal reflex systemC) sympathetic division of the autonomic systemD) parasymphathetic division of the autonomic systemThe cerebral cortex is divided into left and right hemispheres,each with four visible lobes. Which of the followingwould not beconsidered one of the four lobes?A) the parietal lobeB) the sensory lobeC) the temporal lobeD) the occipital lobeThe bumps and folds of the cortex are known as _____, while thegrooves in between these folds are _______.AnswerA) gyri, sulciB) sulci, gyriC) grey matter, white matterD) white matter, grey matterWhich of the following patterns are very unlikely to occur in asplit-brain patient:a. motor actions produced by the left hemisphere do notinterfere with motor actions produced by the righthemisphere.b. information presented in the left visual field is drawn with theright hand.c. different information is presented to the left and the righthemisphere and the patient responds verbally to theinformation presented to the left hemisphere.d. a geometrical puzzle is solved when presented to the righthemisphere, but not when presented to the left hemisphere.Which brain area is most likely SPARED in a patient who canperform simple movements (e.g., single key strokes), but who hasproblems in producing smooth, correctly timed sequences ofmovements?a. premotor cortexb. cerebellumc. basal gangliad. primary motor cortexWhich of the following principles accurately reflects the humannervous system's control of movement?a. Evolution has led to more sophisticated control mechanismsthat have replaced earlier


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