PHY 21040 Study Guide for Third Test 1. What are a tone and a semitone? Tone- a pitch element or register added to a syllable to convey grammatical or lexical informationSemitone-AKA(half step, half tone, (is the smallest musical interval commonly2. What is the frequency ratio of the three notes in a just-tempered major triad? 4:5:6 Major triad 3 notesEx- C:E:G The ratio of E to C is 5:4, ratio of G:C is 3:2 same as 6:4 3. What is the difference between a semi-tone and a tone (in equal temperament)? Semi tone in (ET) is: 1.05Tone in (ET) is: (1.05)*(1.05)4. How many intervals are there in an equally tempered, western, chromatic scale? 8 notes in major and minor scales which means 7 intervals do re mi fa so la te do13 notes in Chromatic scale which means 12 intervalsC# to D to D# and so on (C to Shinning C)5. In an equally tempered scale, the ratio of the frequency of each note to the note below it is _______________. Equal tempered means that intervals are equal 2^12 6. G is 6 semitones above C. In an equal tempered scale, what would the frequency ratio be? What should it be for the best consonance? Equal tempering G is that number 1.0596:4 is natural diatonic (1.5) 7. The choice between just and equal temperament is often referred to as a “musical compromise”. A compromise between what and what? Natural diatonic –only works in one keyThe compromise is it’s not as consonant, can apply to every note; can use the scale in different keysBattle between perfect consonance and having versatility8. Name some of the attributes which light can possess. Color, Brightness, polarization, coherence 9. Which of the things you listed in No. 8 can be perceived by human eyes? Color and brightness10. What are some of things that light does. Go from one place to another, refracts, reflects, carries energy, and exerts a force, come in different colors11. Does light carry energy? How could this be demonstrated? Yes, solar energy, sunburn, killing insects, photosynthesis12. What are the two ways in which the direction in which light travels can be changed? Reflection and refraction13. What are the two possible explanations for what light is? Can these explanations both be correct? Why or why not? A particle or a wave, cant be both nothing can be both14. What was one name given to “particles” of light? Corpuscles (same name as red blood cells)15. How does the particle theory of light explain different colors? Different corpuscles for different colors16. if the particle theory of light is correct, these particles must (speed up/slow down) when they go from airto water. SPEED UP17. Young’s double slit experiment proved that light did not always _____________. Travel in straight lines 18. What did Foucault’s experiment show about the speed of light in water? Slowed down19. since light must be a wave, what kinds of things must it possess? Frequency, wavelength, traveling disturbance, speed *light waves don’t need a medium to travel through*20. What was the major obstacle towards people accepting that light is a kind of wave? Not needing a medium21. What substance was proposed to be the medium for light waves? What were some properties this substance was supposed to have? Where was it supposed to exist? Aether, electric and magnetic fields propagateImperceptible it is everywhere light goes but you can’t see it, taste it, or smell it, it’s odorless, and invisible22. What was J.C. Maxwell’s accomplishment? Light waves are propagating, electromagnetic fieldsElectromagnetic propagate magnetic fields and vice versa23. Where was the experiment that proved that light did not need a medium to travel as a wave performed?Case Western Reserve University back then was just Case Institute 24. After Maxwell, what was the best way to describe light? Electromagnetic wave propagating disturbance of electric and magnetic fields25. Electric and magnetic fields are what kind of fields? Force fields26. What can create a magnetic field? What can create an electric field? Changing a magnetic field creates a electric field and vice versaAnother force field is a gravitational field and tractor beams27. How are different types of electromagnetic waves distinguished from each other? Different wavelengths and frequencies it will have different colors28. How long is a nanometer? 1 billionth of a meter29. The wavelength of visible light is typically how many nanometers? 400-700nm30. What sort of color would light with wavelength less than 500 nm appear to have? Blue, green and maybe purple  the perception changes because the colors add31. What is so special about light having wavelength between 400 and 700 nm? Visible to humans32. Different wavelength visible light will be perceived as having different what? Colors33. How many different types of electromagnetic waves are there? Name a few. Xrays, gamma ray, radio, microwave, ultra violet, infared34. How fast do radio waves travel? How fast do microwaves travel? C- the speed of light(186,000 miles per second )(all electromagnetic waves travel at this speed) Ex: From the sun to earth 8mins35. Name the colors of the rainbow, and name some colors that are not in the rainbow. ROYGBIV rainbow and others cyan, magenta36. Light bulbs and the sun are what kind of light sources? UV lights37. Name some examples of light sources which are luminescent. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and fiber optic38. Which cells in the human retina can only detect only the brightness of light? Rod cells-low light contrasts39. Which retinal cells respond differently to different colors of light? Cone cells-color40. Regarding your answer to question 2, how many different types of these cells are there? 41. What are the different wavelengths bands to which our eyes respond? Short (blue), Medium (green), Long (red-roughly)42. What is the distinction between the wavelength of light and the color of light? Wavelength is factual andcan be measured where color is perceived43. Does it make sense to ask what the wavelength of white light is? Yes it’s a combo of wavelengths perception of red, green and blue..Maybe more44. How do we understand light which has a color that is found in the rainbow? Mixture of light bands45. Kent State Golden Flashes proudly wear the Blue and Gold; when you see an athlete wearing her uniform, what can you conclude about the wavelengths of the light entering your eye? The object is reflecting blue light (blue part of the rainbow) and the gold is