12050 Exam 3 Review Sheet 1 Group Dynamics Turner Chapter 11 Collins Chapter 3 What is social influence What is informational influence What is normative influence Social influence An interaction process in which one person s behavior causes another person to change an opinion or to perform an action that he or she would not otherwise perform Informational influence Occurs when a person actually comes to believe what others are claiming about reality Normative influence Occurs when a person only pretends to believe what others are claiming about reality in order to gain some reward or avoid some punishment In his classic study of normative social influence what did Solomon Asch find People publicly conform when there are strong group pressures even if they don t The action of a person who complies with an authority figure because the authority figure privately believe the group What is obedience has the legitimate right to demand compliance a basic element in the structure of social life obedience is the ultimate social requirement not always good For the slide entitled Stanley Milgram s Infamous Experiments know the results from the survey that Milgram administered and know the results from his baseline experiment Survey results All said they would protest by 135 volts None expected to obey beyond 300 volts Psychiatrists estimates the 1 1000 would reach XXX Baseline experiment 65 reached XXX In terms of the Factors Affecting Obedience Rates slide which factor produced the highest obedience Which two factors produced the lowest obedience rates Highest Obedience Subject as a bystander Lowest obedience Learner demands to be shocked and contradictory commands In Sheridan and King s 1972 puppy study what were their results for men and women Men were 100 obedient while women were 54 With reference to the Primetime investigation video that we watched in class what do the results tell us about obedience in the United States today Also see the slide entitled Milgram s Obedience Experiment Today The primetime investigation looked at 22 women and 18 men 16 women obeyed to the highest level of shock compared to 12 men It is among there 89 would have gone on to reach 450 volts death if they had been allowed to continue According to Collins in his chapter on Paradoxes of Power what would you say is the most effective way to get someone to do something Is giving them money effective Is force effective Pages 60 73 Class Stratification Turner Chapter 14 When does stratification occur exist When levels of a categoric unit are defined by varying shares of valued resources What four factors determine the degree of class stratification 1 How unequally resources are distributed 2 How distinctive social classes are 3 How much mobility occurs between classes 4 How permanent the classes are Which type of class system open or caste is less stratified Open class system Understand the main points of Karl Marx s analysis of stratification conflict perspective Stratification class conflict owners vs workers Owners of companies are in a constant battle with workers Owners want the highest profits possible so they pay workers the lowest wage they ll accept Workers want the highest wage they can get Capitalism will eventually collapse Understand the main points of Max Weber s analysis of stratification More complex view based on three separate dimensions Class basically your wealth compared to others Status They typical prestige level of those in your personal network Party Basically your ability to influence the creation change of laws Dimensions are independent a high correlation of membership in classes status groups and parties is NOT inevitable Many distinct layers of stratification can exist Societal tension conflict arises when dimensions ARE highly correlated Understand the functionalist view of stratification including the Davis Moore Hypothesis and criticisms of it View stratification as an integrative force in society Famous Davis Moore hypothesis If a job position in society is functionally important and difficult to fill because of the skills required it will receive greater resources money power influence prestige Criticisms of that justifies extensive inequality functional importance luck abuse of power corruption inheritance etc Ignores means of gaining resources that have nothing to do with talent or Understand Bourdieu s analysis of classes and class factions including his point that members of different factions often have more in common with each other than with other members of their own class Divides the class system into three basic levels based on access to valued resources There are also three factions within each class Dominant Middle Lower Dominant Intermediate Dominated Know the reasons for chronic poverty in the U S including the 4 hurdles that block opportunities Culture of poverty it s hard to climb out of poverty Numerous hurdles that block opportunities 1 Broken families 2 Poor school systems 4 Street Culture often discourages academic achievement 3 Lack of role models Gender Stratification Turner Chapter 16 Understand the four points describing sexual differentiation Sex refers to biological differences between males and females Sexes evolved over time by natural selection by mixing the genes of two different parents Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation including immune genes Sex is a good defense mechanism against rapidly evolving threats bacteria viruses parasites etc When does gender stratification occur When members of one gender category consistently receive more values resources than members of another Understand the four explanations for gender stratification including any criticisms Sociobiological Theories natural selection favored behaviors and social structures that best allowed parents and their offspring to survive and pass on genes Criticism doesn t explain how people over time elaborated the sexual division of labor into an often oppressive system of gender stratification Functional Theories Similar to A sex based division of labor was more likely than any other to efficiently meet the survival needs of early humans it is functional Criticism If women s roles are so functionally important why do they command less prestige power and wealth in the post hunting and gathering era Conflict Theories Because men are somewhat larger and stronger than women on average they have created and sustained a gender based stratification system through coercion When
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