SOCIOLOGY Semester 1 Ivanka Sabolich 11 7 08 CHAPTERS 8 9 11 13 Consequences of Social Class Family life Divorce Education Physical and mental health Stratification system to another Types of Social Mobility 1 Intragenerational Mobility the end of the career Social Mobility the movement of individuals and groups from one position of a where we look at one person and follow his her career path all the way till grave digger white collar worker his career path moves upward 2 Intergenerational Mobility two different generations father with beer belly son is skinny 3 Structural Mobility structure of society movement up or down the social class ladder that is due to changes in the 4 Exchange Mobility people moving up and down the social class ladder Society A No change in social mobility children end up in the same social class as their fathers out of 25 HSP 25 are still 25 HSP out of 25 LSP 25 are still LSP Society B structural mobility Movement of mobility is higher out of 25 HSP 25 stay in HSP out of 75 LSP 25 become HSP and 50 stay LSP Society C Exchange mobility Movement of mobility is lower out of 25 HSP 15 remain HSP 10 become LSP out of 75 LSP 35 become HSP 40 remain LSP POVERTY 2 definitions of poverty 1 Absolute Poverty the inability to afford minimal standards of food clothing shelter and health care 2 Relative Poverty the inability to maintain the living standards customary in society The Poverty Line 1960 s food costs X 3 Who are the poor Geography in the South The rural America the rural poor Race Ethnicity White 11 of White Americans are poor Asian Americans 13 are poor African Americans and Latino 26 are poor Education 2 of 100 1 of 4 or 5 with college education are poor high school drop outs The Feminization of Poverty Why are people poor The Culture of Poverty Theory Values and behaviors O Lewis poverty Welfare Reform 1996 PRWORA Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act 1 Lifetime limit on welfare assistance 2 Work requirement The rags to riches stories more likely in the US Horatio Alger CHAPTER 9 Inequality of Race and Ethnicity Race a category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of society deem socially significant Racial Typology nineteenth century biologists Three part typology Caucasian Negroid Mongoloid Race Facts and Myths 1 2 the myth of racial superiority the myth of pure races Ethnicity a shared cultural heritage common ancestors language or religion distinctive social identity Minorities Minority group a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than do the members of a dominant group Prejudice a negative attitude toward an entire category of people as a racial or ethnic minority Discrimination the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals unfair treatment Individual Discrimination the negative treatment of one person by another Institutional Discrimination a denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and equal rights to individuals or groups resulting from the normal operations of society Does the person discriminate Yes No Active Bigot prejusice person Yes Who discriminates Timid Bigot prejudice person who does not discriminate No Fair Weather Liberal nonpre Judiced person who discrim All Weather Liberal nonprejudiced person who does not discriminate Is the person prejudiced Patterns of Prejudice and Discrimination Theories of Prejudice I Psychological Theories i Frustration and Scapegoats 1 J Dollard a Frustration scapegoat ii Authoritarian Personality Theory 1 Adorho 1950 a Insecure conformists prejudiced theory II Sociological Theories i Functionalism prejudiced is functional ii Conflict theory Marx s view groups are divided Split Labor Market Theory E Bonacich employers higher priced laborers lower priced laborers they discriminate against each other Symbolic Interactionism labels we learn affect the way we see people labels selective perception Global Patterns of Intergoup Relations 1 Genocide ex Nazis 2 Population Transfer a Direct b Indirect 3 Internal Colonialism Dominant group exploits inferior group 4 Segregation seperation ex Jim Crow Laws apartheid of SA 5 Assimilation A B C A or A B C D Shedding of ethnic identities or boundaries a Forced assimilation imposed b Permissible assimilation groups have options 6 Multiculturalism pluralism A B C A B C 75 1 US Racial Ethnic Groups Whites Latinos Black AA Native A Asian A Total 281 422 000 12 3 10 9 3 6 12 5 Native Americans Highest poverty rate Highest unemployment Lowest life expectancy African Americans About 2 million The invisible minority 1830 the Indian Removal Act The Trail of Tears CERT Council of Energy Resource Tribes Slavery 1660 s Abolition of slavery in 1865 13th Amendment 1867 1877 the Reconstitution Period great strides toward economic and political equality 14th and 15th Amendments for black male rights 1880 s Jim Crow segregation The Civil Rights Movement 1960 s 2 phases 1 To integrate Blacks The Voting Rights Act 1965 The Civil Rights Act 1964 bans every form of discrimination of race creed and gender 2 Urban riots in Los Angeles Detroit and New York many whites and blacks just left because of these riots the people left in the city were socially and economically isolated rising expectations African Americans Today Gains Black middle class has been growing faster than white middle class Losses unemployment and poverty higher rates W J Wilson Race or Social Class class is more important Hispanic Americans Latinos The largest minority group Diversity Mexican Americans Cubans Puerto Rico Asian Americans fastest growing group Chinese Filipino Koreans Japanese Asian Indians Vietnamese 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act 1942 Japanese Americans relocation camps 110 000 Education Achievement Why do Asians do so well in school higher family expectations so they study more European Ethnic Groups 1820 1895 mostly northern and western Europeans the old immigration 1890 1920 white ethnics Poles Italians Greeks Slovaks the new immigration Respectable bigotry it was ok to make fun of these ethnic groups but not others upper middle class and media were most likely to make fun of these groups 1 The Immigration Debate 2 The Affirmative Action Debate a California 1996 Proposition 209 i Prohibits discrimination or preferential treatment by state and other public entities CHAPTER 11 Politics and the Economy M WEBER Power the ability to control behavior of others
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