Art History 100Chapter 10: Early Medieval and Romanesque Art- Period between Western Roman Empire and Renaissance – Middle Ages, medieval periodEarly Medieval Art in the British Isles- Roman rule, Christianity takes root in Britain then Ireland- Continent adopts Anglo-Saxon speech and customs- Anglo-Saxon – metalworking – jewelry and military equipment decorated with gold and silver- Sutton Hoo – buried ship with hoard of treasures - Gold clasp – 2 identical sides with gold pin and gold chaino Decorated with garnet and blue-checkered glass (millefiori) – cut into stepped geometric shapes o Snakes and boars – boars represented strength and bravery- Gospel books were required in churches – bound in gold and jeweled covers – produced by monks in local monastic workshops, scriptoria- Book of Durrow – gospel book; each book introduced with three-part decorative sequence: page with the symbol of its evangelist author, followed by a page of pure ornament, and finally elaborate decoration highlighting the initial words of text- Gospel of Matthew – preceded with his symbol – man - Book of Kells – Chi Rho page – cats and mice represent triumph of good over evil Scandinavian Art- Pure animal style dominate art- Gummersmark Brooch – large silver-gilt pin make in Denmark – shows symmetrical designs with animal forms- Norway – stave churches – four huge timbers (staves) tat form their structural core o Four corner staves support central roof with additional interior posts o Nave and aisles inside with rounded apse covered with timber towero Steeply pitched roofs protect against rain and snowCarolingian Art- Frankish barbarians settle in northern Gaul (France) – established a dynasty of rulers known as Carolingians after greatest member, Charles the Great, Charlemagne- Charlemagne – imposed Christianity through France, western Germany, Belgium, Holland, Luxemburg, and Lombard kingdom in Italy- Pope Leo III granted Charlemagne title of emperor - Equestrian Portrait of Charles the Bald (?) – portrait of Charlemagne’s grandsono Mustache – Frankish sign of nobility - Constantine’ s basilica of St. Peter with its long nave and side aisles with apse serves as model for many important churches in Charlemagne’s empire - Chapel of Charlemagne’s Palace at Aachen – emperor’s private chapel, also held relics of saintso Central octagonal plan – like San Vitaleo Front – new architectural feature – westwork – monumental entrance block that forms imposing façade o Ground level – ambulatory gallery (curving aisles passageway)o Second floor – gallery (continuous upper-story platform overlooking the main space)Art History 100o Two tiers of columns and railings at gallery level form a screen that re-emphasizes the flat pierced walls of the octagon o Patterned with multicolored stone – walls and mosaics covering vaults – inspired by Byzantine architectureo Carolingian monks followed Rules for Monasteries – guidelines for secluded, communal life – work and prayero St. Gall Plan