EEX Study Guide: I. Models are not on testII. Topics 1-4III. Know terminology: prejudice, stereotyping, etc.a. Prejudice i. Attitude with an emotional responseii. Attitude may be positive or negativeiii. In our current language use, prejudice is a hostile or negative attitude toward a group of people based solely on their membership in that groupiv. Individual traits go unnoticed or are dismissed b. Stereotypes i. A cognitive functionii. Generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group. c. Stereotypes i. Can be positive or negativeii. Does NOT involve emotional reactionsiii. Does NOT necessarily lead to acts of abuse or discrimination iv. Why do we have stereotypes? v. We categorize information according to what we regard as normal or normativevi. It simplifies how we look at the world and process new informationvii. It saves time and energy d. What happens when we stereotype? i. Information consistent with our stereotype will be given more attention and given more weight when we are making decisions e. What is wrong with stereotyping? i. If the stereotype is strong, even the members of that group will accept the stereotype and perpetuate it. f. What is wrong with stereotyping? i. The problem: ii. We create self-fulfilling prophecies iii. Example: iv. If we think that some groups of people in our country cannot be educatedv. We don’t educate themvi. They don’t get good paying jobs because of the lack of educationvii. Our stereotype is confirmed g. Sub-typing i. What happens when we meet someone who does not conform to our stereotype of what that person should be or look like?ii.iii. We sub-type, and make him or her the EXCEPTION TO THE RULE and it keeps ourstereotype safe……h. Discrimination i. Negative or harmful action or policy toward members of a group, simply because of his or her membership in that groupii. It is influenced by our emotions and beliefsiii. Discrimination is a behavioral response i. In summary i. Stereotyping is a cognitive functionii. Prejudice is an emotional reactioniii. Discrimination is a behavioral act IV. Stats on vision, prevalence, tips on leading the blind a. States must provide Braille ballots upon requestb. U.S. Treasury must design a way for blind and visually handicapped persons to identify paper money c. World Statistics i. A child in the world goes blind every minute.ii. 1 ½ million children are blindiii. 12 million children are visually impairediv. 80% of global blindness is a result of five preventable or treatable conditionsv. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of global childhood blindnessd. US Statistics (CDC) i. 3.4 million (3%) Americans aged 40 and older are either legally blind or are visually impaired.ii. 21 million report functional vision lossiii. In the next three decades, this figure will doubleiv. Leading the increase is vision loss due to diabetese. US Children i. Leading cause of blindness--prenatal cataractsii. Blindness occurs mainly among children with birth weights lower than 2 ½ lbs.iii. 25,000 students ages 6-22 are served for visual impairments/blindnessf. CAUSES: i. The leading causes of blindness in adults ii. Diabetes (20-74)iii. Ageiv. Glaucoma v. Cataractsg. What is “legally blind” i. Normal vision is 20/20ii. Legally blind is 20/200 (corrected)iii. That means a legally blind person sees at 20 feet what a normally sighted person sees at 200 feet.iv. In Florida, you need only have passable vision in one eye to pass driver’s license vision testh. ADAPTATIONS :i. Low Tech and High Tech adaptations1. Magnifiers2. Voice recognition software3. Web-based Braille systems4. Braille keyboard5. Kurzweil Readerii. New Adaptation1. Kurzweil-National Federation of the Blind Reader (2006)2. Hand held device3. $1500 or buy the software ($900) for your Nokia phone4. Positions the reader over print and takes a picture—synthetic voice reads the printed material. V. 2 questions from Dr. Ashton’s lecturea. On course siteb. Taught us to sign I love you c. 2 questionsd. Dr. Ashton’s lecture i. ASL is a natural language used by member of the North American Deaf Community (USA and Canada)ii. Dr. Ashton made the distinction of Deaf (with a capital D) and deaf (small d)iii. Deaf (with a capital D) refers to deaf and hard of hearing person who are immersed in deaf culture AND use ASL as a primary means of communication.iv. deaf (with a small d) refers to the general population of deaf and hard of hearing personsv. GU-Gallaudet Universityvi. NAD-National Association of the Deafvii. NTID-National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NY) e. Tips for communicating with the deaf i. keep eye contactii. use a pencil/paperiii. use fingerspellingf. Technology/Aids for the deaf to increase inclusion i. visuals ii. flashing lights for door bells, alarmsiii. written displaysiv. closed captioningv. interpretersvi. video phonesvii. CART (captioning in real time), e.g. as I lecture, the deaf or hard of hearing student is receiving my lecture in real time show up as text on his/her computerg. Myths i. ASL is a universal languageii. Sign language is English on the handsiii. Deaf children learn to sign at an early ageiv. ASL and British Sign Language are similarv. Dr. Ashton showed the class how to sign “I Love You”. Know this sign.VI. ADA Law – 6 questions i. Legal def of disabilityii. Requirementsiii. Disability in the workplaceiv. What you can/cant answerv. Stats about people in workforceb. ADA Law: i. July 26, 1990 ii. President Bush (Sr.)iii. Extends civil rights and anti-discrimination protection to persons with disabilitiesa. ADA was amended in 2008, known as the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA)b. Purposes of ADAa. Persons with disabilities should have access to the sameb. employment opportunitiesc. public servicesd. public accommodationse. transportationf. telecommunications g. that other citizens enjoy.c. Why protect persons with Disabilities? a. 53 million disabled US citizensb. US Dept. of Labor- Employment of Persons with Disabilities (part time or full time)i. (1986) 34 % ii. (2004) 35 % iii. (2010) 22 %d. Discrimination is frequently premised on these factors: e. 1. We feel discomfort and embarrassment around persons with disabilitiesf. 2. We often patronize and/or pity persons with disabilitiesg. 3. We have attached unpleasant stigmas to disabling conditionsh. 4. We are