Treatment1. Insight oriented therapies -characterized by verbal interactions between patient and therapist Intended to enhance self-knowledge a promote healthy behavioral change-Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapy: inspired by Freudian theoriesdream interpretation, free association, initially was long term-Client-centered therapy/person-centered therapy: inspired by humanism, works of Carl Rogers--positive growth-Cognitive therapy: problems are caused by the way people think about the world, the things they tell themselves Antecedents: event that happens--we form a Belief about what happens--beliefs cause Consequences: emotions/problemsUncovering maladaptive/irrational beliefsMore modern approach, most therapists incorporate some of these practicesShort termSocial anxiety receives this therapy often: discovery that common beliefs that 1. They will be judged by others, 2. It will be badCognitive triad of depression: negative beliefs about 1. Themselves, 2. Their experiences, 3. The futureStrength of insight oriented therapy: they will enhance self-knowledge and enable client to face their problemsPotential problems: distress related to self-confrontation, not targeted, requires a degree of trustLow IQ people don't do well, intellectual disabilities, childrenAlbert Ellis: cognitive therapist-had client with social anxiety and took him to lunch and got him to announce his order, and told him everyone was judging him, and challenged his idea that it would be bad2. Behavior therapiesBased on principles of learning/conditioning•Applied Behavioral Analysis: used mostly to treat autism-Trying to change behavior through rewardsIgnore or punish maladaptive behaviors-Tends to be targeted, here and nowBy changing maladaptive behaviors in depressed/anxious people, it will treat the emotional problems behind the behaviorsCriticisms: too superficialDoesn't address underlying cause, only want to change maladaptive behavior•Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT): successful, widely adopted1 and 2 are "talk therapies"[28:11] Therapy works best when it is freely chosen by the client-open minded, nonjudgmental person to talk about problems withQuality of relationship between therapist and client improves effectiveness3. Bio-medical therapies-Medication (psychotropic medication)1. Anti-Depressants: treat depression-SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors): block serotonin receptors so it builds up in the somethingEx. Celexa, lexapro, Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac Much fewer side-effects, take longer to workTreatment: 5/5/14Monday, May 05, 20144:58 PM Psychology Page 1Much fewer side-effects, take longer to work-SNRI (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)Ex. Effexor, cymbalta-Norepinephrine dopamine RI ex. Wellbutrin2. Anti-anxiety (anxiolytics)-SSRIs-Benzodiazipines: Xanax, klonopin, Valium, AtivanTend to work quicklyCentral nervous system depressantMUCH more addicting than SSRIs, try to limit prescriptions3. Anti-psychotics (Neuroleptics): positive symptoms of schizophrenia-First generation (late 40s-50s)Haldol, Thorazine Change from insulin shock therapies, lobotomies, awful inhumane treatmentsZombie-ing effect, not able to fxnCaused tardive dyskinesia: involuntary spasms of the mouth and tongue-Second generation:Clozapine, Zyprexa, Risperdal, SeroquelMuch better treatmentMajor side effect: significant weight gain, so compliance with client was difficult-Third generation 2000s:AbilifyManaging symptoms vs. side effects, better than previous4. Mood stabilizers:-some late antipsychotics-Lithium (for bipolar disorder)Potentially dangerous side effects: liver, kidney damage-Anticonvulsants: designed to treat epilepsyEx. Depokote, Lamictal, TegretolFound to be effective in disregulated moods•Most common diagnostician for psychotropic meds is a GP (gen. Practitioner), not a psych.-ECT: electro-convulsive shock therapySeizure, then unconsciousnessUsed for most severe depressionMajor side effect: temporary or permanent memory lossNo long term motor issuesCompletely not understood how/why it could work, but it sometimes does Psychology Page