FamilyFamily Forms Endogamy Marriage within one’s social group i.e. Mickey and Minnie Both mice Both social class position Opposites attract—psychological construct, not sociologically Despite opposite personality, often still within the same social group Most often, people select mates based on same social group “Birds of a feather flock together” Why? Similar life experiences Similar ideology Similar social class Exogamy Marriage among different social groups Monogamy Having only one sex partner/spouse Polygamy Having more than one partner at a time A lot of the time develop because of social situations of where they are Polyandry Multiple husbands Why? Not enough women Himalayan Example Preserves the farm Otherwise, division of property would cause village to collapse Decided upon by consent of everyone Form of birth control Each wife can only get pregnant at certain times Sex Scheduling Women should take turns with each brother each night Didn’t use to care about what everyone else has, but the village becoming exposed to technology is changing their ideals i.e. exposure to romance in movies Polygyny Multiple wives Increases fertility because a man can have multiple children at the same time Church of Latter Day Saints Preindustrial Family Household=miniature economy Depends on kinship networks Ties based on blood or marriage Industrial Revolution Created a division between work and homeFamily Men Public sphere Work for wages Women Private sphere Housework, children Cult of Domesticity Idea that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibility and child rearing Families After WWII Peak of middle-class nuclear family Father, mother, biological children Idealized, historically unusual Thriving economy, government assistance “Baby Boom” Largest spike of babies in human history Family and Work Significant changes since 1970’s Higher divorce rates Lower marriage and fertility rates More women in the workforce Second Shift Unpaid labor inside home performed after paid labor Cooking, laundry, childcare Mostly women’s responsibility Counting job and housework, men work 15 hours less per week Housework in the 20th Century (p.445) Leisure Gap Men do less housework, watch more TV, sleep longer Individualism in the US Focus on personal growth, happiness Idealistic view of relationships High rates of marriage and divorce Divorce isn’t at it’s highest now Have dropped consistently since the 80’s Giant divorce trend in the 40’s Effects of Divorce on Children Lower future SES Lower self-esteem, relationship difficulties Context matters—timing, level of hostility Married parents—between child outcomes If the marriage is happy
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