Western Civ 2 Post Mid Term Leslie Hammond Jordan Campeau 1851 The Great Exhibition London Crystal Palace large glass panels steel frames contest to design shows industrialization of standard uniform pieces Remarkable accomplishment Constructed in 5 month Contest to see what to do with the building after Took apart and made smaller version 1851 1934 1850s Laissez Faire free market The Social Question Social Problem arises England is richer than any nation in the universe 1850 Half of the people in England were urban Cities are overcrowded no representation in Parliament cause they just keep popping up Tenement housing overcrowded People living by rivers houses flood Disease is rampant through water and just everywhere Not enough clean water No Sewage system sewage sat in Dung heaps and cesspools people tried to use dung heaps for fertilizer not very good People who were dying could not afford burials Poor Man s hole Prostitution High STDs Many babies out of wedlock 1857 PROGRESS ITS LAW AND CAUSE Spencer division of labor in society Competition survival of the fittest his phrase 1859 John Stuart Mill ON LIBERTY 1859 Origin of Species C Darwin borrowed survival of the fittest Charlie Chaplin Pacification hammering Taxation and economic control Domestic issues Move of stasis more mobility in life to perceived Individual competition gain wealth through competition w a purpose Everyone can learn to function in politics Social Question Social Problem PROGRESS How do we progress Shift towards Democracy Questioning God 1890 God is Dead Poverty is the fault of the individuals The are not fit enough Spencer Systemic approach not poor people s fault System rigged against them Sociology emerges they study social problems Eugenics study of the fit and unfit and how to encourage fitness in society Radical suggestion Sterilization of the unfit OR maybe just change the environment Housing to poor Food to poor Make them fit But the more favorable one was just to change the system and start providing things to better society compulsory schooling free lunches later free school Other solution to Social Problem Revolution Communist Hobhouse famous eugenisist Eugenics 1911 1939 International Realm Same analytical models but looked at nations instead of individuals INTRNTL COMPETITION how do we explain that WELL Europe is Fit WHY Africa is not by 1890 Europe holds 90 Europe has guns Automatic Maxim Gun Quinine anti malaria drug is evolving Steam ship BUT WHICH EUROPEAN NATION IS FITTEST Most Fit European nations were determined by square acreage that they held Anthropology begins to develop Physical anthropology wanted to measure peoples heads and weigh brains also studying race and ethnicity A scientific spin on racism Nonchalantly looking at Germans vs Jews Blonde Hair and Blue Eye s New obsesssion with bodies live put on display in circuses side shows dead for study or even some people kept for decoration Anthropologists studying physical and cultural attributes Europeans are fit so they need more space to expand justify Ratzel German Anthropologist imperialism for living space Froude English Anthropologist Europeans getting sick need to farm again need land Imperial takeover would help solve social problem New wealth right not really only SA had significant resources New jobs for everyone not really only military jobs no jobs for the people there Empires were feeding the industrial field at home gathered raw materials Very invasive everyone creating businesses there but these businesses only cater to the whites New Empire East India Trading company in control of most of a continent English take over India England bought Suez Canal from the struggling French worried about the Russians attacking Canal so it s best to just take over Egypt Might as well take over all of Africa North to South France wants to control East to West First Genocide women children British used concentration camps on Bore sp Dutch Build up of Empires leading to build up of tension between nations Lack of war was proof that there was progress in history and they are more civilized explains their ability to expand Nationalism is good Hypernationalism emerges extreme love of one s own country hatred of every other A part of jinogism Red and Blue maps show France vs England in African expansion race Maps published in Penny Press Jingoism known as yellow journalism in US sensational wanted to stir up industry People at home are saving excess money going to empires The sensational reports on Africa were being manipulated by Big Business not giving the public the full story Hobson concerned Jingoism takes away from education problem cause almost all adult males are now voting Fears digression Empires Arms Weapons Buildup hmmmm building tensions building pride building arms Sounds like a recipe for war More people are called to serve in the military Unification of Italy and Unification of Germany Germany seems concerning industrialized super quickly 1870 Bismarck said he was done picking up pieces of Europe focused internally military strength political integration of the states Bismarck calls Berlin Conference in 1884 year gives Leopold not Belgium own personal property Congo setting of Heart of Darkness Many Conferences called to solve some problems from Imperiialsims 1864 Geneva Conventions goal establish laws of civ Towards the problem of war what to do with those wounded or sick Proposed an international organization that could care for wounded The red cross 1800s conference questions industrial warfare 1899 Hague Czar of Russia Nicholas II How do we adapt our self images of being advance to new ideas of wanted to deal with tension arms buildup Russia called it because they were not industrialized and could not keep up with the others started a permanent court of arbitration 1901 negotiates and compromises Peace Palace constructed in the Hague to house Per C of Arb giant library to house all laws space for an academy to promote studies CARNEGIE funded all of this wanted to create a sort of think tank to promote peace peace benefits trade Goals of Hague continued control arms control future possibility of war Extend Red Cross activity from land to sea as well Prohibit use of certain weapons no aerial bombing no airplanes at this time no projectiles that give off chemicals no chemical warfare no expanding bullets hollow points Geneva Conference 2 1906 Hague Conference 2 1907 called by Teddy Roosevelt many trade possibilities