Time Hadean Hell Archean 1st life Bio 1st life single celled bacterial MOR Photosynthesizing life stromatolites Geo Meteorites radioactive decay earth crust volcanism BIF greenstone belt early PT protocontinents Cooling fold and thrust belts modern PT Chem Moon formed early atm by degassing Cooling and stabilizing Snowball Earth removal of atm CO2 undersea volcanoes and melting of methane hydrates global glaciation Proterozoic Snowball Earth Paleozoic Marine life Ancient life Mesozoic Dinos Cenozoic Mammals See 1ST chart See 2nd chart See 3rd chart Paleozoic Cambrian Cambrian Explosion Life in Sea Ordovician Greatest Radiation of Marine Realm Silurian Plant Life Devonian Animal Life Carboniferous Miss limestone Penn coal swamps Mesozoic Triassic Appearance of dino and mammal Jurassic Age of Cycads Cretaceous Chalk Creta Bio Geo Chem Radiation of life life in sea trilobites Global transgression Cambrian shields Marine radiation 1st jawless fish Glacial growth Terrestrial life appears 1st jawed fish Animals appear 1st amphibians Penn 1st reptiles Global glaciation from CO2 decline Substantial SL rise Taconic Orogeny EL ME DUE TO GLACIATION CLIMATE Acadian Orogeny Antler Orogeny EL ME DUE TO GLACIATION Alleghanian Orogeny Penn Gondwanaland collides with Eurasia and coal swamps Alleghanian Orogeny Pangaea forms adv Terr life no need for water Bio 1st dinos turtles and mammals Geo Pangaea splits Chem ME DUE TO INCREASED CO2 Dinos dominate 1st birds New marine plankton 1st angiosperms gymnosperms dominate Sustained SL rise Sonoma and Nevadian Orogenies High SL low Mg Ca ratio due to MOR Sevier Orogeny K T BOUNDARY DUE TO METEORITE MOR Permian Largest ME End to Ancient Life Therapsids evolve reptiles dominate amniotic egg Thermo hyaline shutdown ME DUE TO ANOXIA Cenozoic Epoch Paleocene Geo Chem Bio Flowering plants adaptive radiation of mammals 1st primates Paleogene Eocene Oligocene Warm climate Circumpolar current Miocene Pliocene Age of Apes Early Homo Neogene Pleistocene Humans Holocene Laramide Orogeny NA rifting of Ant Austr mod ice age NH glaciation NH glaciation Isthmus of Panama closes End of ice age 12Ka YOUNGER DRYAS Continued SL rise abrupt Review Actualism the principle asserting that there are inviolable laws of nature that have not changed over the course of time Uniformitarianism the principle asserting that processes operating in the present world can be used to interpret events of the past some consider uniformitarianism a synonym of actualism Relative dating principles o Superposition in a undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks each bed is older than the one above it and younger than the one below it o Original horizontality layers of sediment are generally deposited in a o Original lateral continuity layers of sediment initially extended horizontal position laterally in all directions o Principle of intrusive relationships an igneous intrusion cuts across a formation of sedimentary rock the igneous intrusion is younger than the sedimentary rock o Principle of inclusions if inclusions or clasts are found in a formation then the inclusions must be older than the formation that includes them Steno s principles o Principle of superposition in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks each bed is older than the one above it and younger than the one below it o Principle of original horizontality o Principle of original continuity Unconformities represents substantial interval of time when erosion rather than deposition occurred o Angular unconformity occurs when a group of rocks had been tilted and eroded and younger rocks have been deposited on top of them o Disconformity beds below an eroded surface are undisturbed and only the irregular surface between the upper and lower bodies of rock reveals a past episode of erosion o Nonconformity bedded rocks rest on an eroded surface of crystalline rocks Fauna succession the observation that sedimentary rock strata contain fossilized flora and fauna and that these fossils succeed each other vertically in a specific reliable order that can be identified over wide horizontal distances o Fossil the remains or tangible traces of an organism preserved in Cross cutting relations the geologic feature which cuts another is the Rock cycle the endless pathway along which rocks of various kinds change sediment or rock younger of the two features into rocks of other kinds o Rock forming environments o Sedimentary the combination of physical chemical and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and therefore the rock types that will be formed after lithification if the sediment is preserved in the rock record Continental alluvial delta lagoon Marine shallow water marine deep water marine reef Other evaporate glacial volcanic Fundamentals of climate o Positive feedback a result of change that accelerates that change o Negative feedback a result of change that suppresses that change Assessment Wopmey orogeny Canadian Shield during early Proterozoic Gondwanaland moving over South Pole caused glaciation ME Plate Tectonics o Plate tectonic theory began in 1915 when Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of continental drift o Wegener proposed that the continents moved through crust of ocean basins which made them look like they fit together like a puzzle Easy to predict CO2 rise o FALSE ME o Ordovician o Devonian o Permian o Triassic o Cretaceous Gymnosperms seed producing plants that includes conifers cycads Ginkgo Angiosperms flowering plants